REVIEW OF TECHNICAL COOPERATION ACTIVITIES OF UNCTAD IN 1997

TD United Nations Conference Trade Development UNITED NATIONS Distr. GENERAL TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 6 August 1998 ENGLISH ONLY TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT BOARD Forty- session Geneva, 12 October 1998 Item 7 provisional agenda REVIEW OF TECHNICAL COOPERATION ACTIVITIES OF UNCTAD Report Secretary-General UNCTAD Addendum Annex 1 - Review activities undertaken 1997 GE.98-51291 TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 2 CONTENTS Paragraphs . INTRODUCTION 1 - 3 II. REVIEW OF ACTIVITIES BY PROGRAMME AREA 4 - 262 . Division Globalization Development 4 - 51 Strategies 1. Macroeconomic Development Policies 4 - 13 . Technical Support Intergovernmental 4 - 7 Group Twenty- . East Asian Development: Lessons 8 - 10 Global Environment . Economic Development Regional Dynamics 11 - 13 Africa: Lessons East Asian Experience 2. Globalization, Development Debt Management 14 - 43 . Globalization, Finance Sustainable Development 14 - 25 () Development global greenhouse 14 - 17 gas emissions trading system (ii) Support conversion official 18 - 20 bilateral debt (iii) debt strategy Mauritius Government 21 - 22 (iv) Private risk capital funds LDCs 23 - 25 . DMFAS Programme 26 - 36 3. Special Programmes 37 - 43 . Assistance Palestinian People 37 - 40 . Trust Fund Iron Ore 41 - 43 . Division International Trade Goods 44 - 135 Services, Commodities 1. Trade Analysis Systemic Issues 44 - 106 . Development Trade Capacities 44 - 76 () Impact Uruguay 44 - 50 follow- selected African countries: Country studies (ii) Tripartite project: UNCTAD component 51 - 64 UNCTAD/WTO/ITC Joint Integrated Technical Assistance Programme Africa (JITAP) (iii) Technical assistance countries acceding 65 - 69 WTO (iv) Trade services ( CAPAS Programme) 70 - 76 . Trade Analysis Information System (TRAINS) 77 - 85 . Preferential Arrangements 86 - 106 () Market access, trade laws preferences 86 - 94 (ii) Global System Trade Preferences 95 - 97 Developing Countries (GSTP) TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 3 Paragraphs (iii) Technical cooperation trade relations 98 - 104 economic cooperation Mediterranean region (iv) Assistance countries Asian region 105 - 106 MFN preferential tariffs negotiations GSP utilization 2. Commodities 107 - 116 . Commodity-based Development Diversification 107 - 109 . Commodity Marketing Risk Management 110 - 114 . Natural Resources 115 - 116 3. Trade, Environment Development 117 - 126 4. Competition Law Policy Consumer Protection 127 - 134 . Division Investment, Technology Enterprise 135 - 180 Development 1. International Investment, Transnationals 135 - 148 Technology Flows . Work Programme Multilateral Framework 136 - 140 Investment (PMFI) . EFDITS: Expansion Foreign Direct Investment Trade 141 - 144 Services . Technical Cooperation Developing Countries 145 - 148 Expand Strengthen Role Foreign Direct Investment Small Medium-sized Enterprises Developing Countries Asia 2. National Innovation Investment Policies 149 - 173 . FORINVEST: Policy Framework Attracting Foreign 149 - 152 Investment . Investment Policy Reviews (IPR) 153 - 156 . TRANSACT: Negotiating International Business Arrangements 157 - 160 . STAMP: Strengthening/Streamlining Agencies concerned 161 - 164 Maximizing Promoting FDI . COMSAT: Commercialization Science Technology 165 - 168 . STIPS: Science, Technology Innovation Policies 169 - 172 3. Enterprise Development 173 - 180 . EMPRETEC: Entrepreneurship SME Development 173 - 175 . SME Development Programmes 176 . Accounting Reform Retraining 177 - 180 . Division Services Infrastructure 181 - 249 Development Trade Efficiency 1. Trade Infrastructure 181 - 212 . Transport 181 - 196 () ACIS 181 - 184 (ii) Ports, shipping training 185 - 196 . Trade Facilitation 197 - 212 () ASYCUDA 197 - 204 (ii) Multimodal Transport Trade Facilitation 205 - 212 2. Business Facilitation 213 - 219 Banking Insurance 213 - 219 TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 4 Paragraphs 3. Services Development 220 - 249 . Financial Services 220 - 227 . Human Resources Development 228 - 232 4. Global Trade Point Network (GTPNet) 233 - 246 5. TRAINFORTRADE 247 - 249 . Office Special Coordinator Developed, 250 - 257 Landlocked Island Developing Countries . Executive Direction Management Support 258 - 262 Services 1. Advisory Services 259 - 261 2. Consultancy study 262 Tables Pages . Division Globalization Development Strategies 13 - 16 . Division International Trade Goods Services 35 - 38 Commodities . Division Investment, Technology Enterprise 51 - 54 Development . Division Services Infrastructure Development 70 - 77 Trade Efficiency . Office Special Coordinator Developed, 80 Landlocked Island Developing Countries . Executive Direction Management Support Services 82 Explanatory notes - Amounts brackets negative . - IALA means "Inter-Agency Letter Agreement". - OPC means "Operationally financially completed". - asterisk * project number UNCTAD acted associate agency. - Details percentages necessarily add totals, owing rounding. - financial data tables projects, reflect situation 31 December 1997, occasionally show total expenditures exceeding total budgets. instance expenditures exceed income. Early 1998, revenue/budget figures corrected reflect real income. TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 5 . INTRODUCTION 1. annex description main technical cooperation projects programmes undertaken UNCTAD 1997. 2. presented, , accordance structure divisions/branches secretariat responsible backstopping projects/programmes concerned. 3. list individual projects implemented organizational unit narrative. II. REVIEW OF ACTIVITIES BY PROGRAMME AREA . Division Globalization Development Strategies 1. Macroeconomic Development Policies . Technical Support Intergovernmental Group Twenty- 4. Development context. international monetary financial system decisive impact interdependence international trade, finance development, contributes shaping international environment development national macroeconomic policies individual countries. role Intergovernmental Group Twenty- (-24) strengthen contribution developing countries discussions negotiations issues related design functioning international monetary financial system. 5. Objectives. project aims strengthening -24 efforts build capacity developing countries meaningful contributions design international monetary financial system, strengthen ability cope consequences interdependence. 6. Features/output/results. -24 technical studies research papers selected topics, prepared internationally renowned experts, preparation discussions negotiations international monetary financial issues framework IMF’ Interim Committee, Joint IMF/World Bank Development Committee, bodies. papers presented Technical Group -24 Meetings -24 Deputies Ministers, published special series. 1997, drafts research papers submitted -24. topics covered included governance international organizations; role Special Drawing Rights; experience developing countries financial liberalization capital-account regimes; ODA crisis; role -governmental organizations international monetary financial system, significance Euro developing countries. -24 assessment World Bank’ World Development Report 1997, update earlier research problem multilateral debt. research papers submitted -24 meetings previous years published Vol. VIII "International TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 6 Monetary Financial Issues 1990s", including studies experiences developing countries regions management foreign capital flows macroeconomic policies, papers cross-border payments taxes alternative capital-account regimes; conditionalities international financial institutions; multilateral debt facility. assessment World Development Report 1996 included volume. 7. rationalizing mode operation, project contributed enhancing developing countries’ understanding current upcoming issues subject discussion negotiation international financial institutions, capacity contribute constructively discussions. . East Asian Development: Lessons Global Environment 8. Development context. process rapid outward-oriented development newly industrialized economies (NIEs) East South-East Asia centre debate development policy years. time, question extent lessons drawn East Asian experience received increasing attention policy makers. answers question contribute design development strategies developing countries. 9. Objectives. project aimed enhancing perception policy makers developing countries economies transition factors contributed rapid outward-oriented development remaining problems NIEs East South-East Asia. aimed contributing formulation development strategies advancing, , understanding role played government policies; role agricultural development; relevance international environment outward- oriented development conclusion Uruguay . 10. Features/output/results. follow- conference held relation project Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia), February-March 1996, volume published title "Proceedings International Conference East Asian Development - Lessons Global Environment" (UNCTAD/GDS/MDPB/2). additional output broader audience informed lessons developing countries experience East Asian newly industrialized economies. . Economic Development Regional Dynamics Africa: Lessons East Asian Experience 11. Development context. years number developing countries undergone rapid economic development, countries -Saharan Africa suffered economic stagnation. East Asian experience centre debate development policy, question lessons -Saharan Africa countries’ experience received increasing attention policy-makers academics. 12. Objectives. purpose project identify action-oriented development strategies Africa promote investment exports TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 7 stimulate regional dynamics. project aims helping build capacities African policy makers design implement development strategies, hand, strengthen framework South-South cooperation, . 13. Features/output/results. workshops held 1997. workshop organized collaboration Government Zimbabwe January 1997, key issues African development identified subsequently guided research carried project. workshop, organized collaboration Government Mauritius December 1997, results research papers, areas capital accumulation, institution building regional integration. Final versions studies submitted background documents Conference African Development, scheduled September 1998. studies strengthen capacity African policy makers review development strategies. 2. Globalization, Development Debt Management . Globalization, Finance Sustainable Development () Development global greenhouse gas emissions trading system 14. Development context. Research development activities carried project 1997 aimed assisting governments Parties United Nations Framework Convention Climate Change efforts negotiate protocol Framework Convention. Subsequently, Kyoto Protocol adopted Conference Parties (COP3) December 1997. 15. Objectives. project aims foster understanding role benefits market-based mechanisms achieving cost-effective greenhouse gas emissions reductions, support design implementation viable stable international emissions market. 16. Features/output/results. reporting period, project designed published issues "Global Greenhouse Emissions Trader" quarterly newsletter. newsletter dedicated promoting understanding emissions trading related issues, Clean Development Mechanism. publication greatly enhanced dissemination key ideas main results research development work support Kyoto Protocol negotiations. 17. addition, June 1997, UNCTAD Earth Council launched Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading Policy Forum. aim Policy Forum assist interested governments private sector design implement initial-phase international greenhouse gas emissions trading system, accordance Kyoto Protocol. sessions Policy Forum convened 1997. years, impact UNCTAD’ work greenhouse gas emissions trading grown issue risen top international agenda. period leading adoption Kyoto Protocol, project organized contributed seminars workshops emissions trading. TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 8 (ii) Support conversion official bilateral debt 18. Development context. Research development activities carried project aim furthering capacity developing countries reduce outstanding external official bilateral debt debt conversion mechanism. 19. Objectives. request Government Sierra Leone assistance official debt conversion, project prepared manual conversion Paris Club debt favour NGO projects Sierra Leone, order assist Government efforts reduce external debt. 20. Features/output/results. reporting period, -depth analysis Sierra Leone’ Paris Club debt undertaken order assess part debt inclusion debt conversion mechanism. extensive discussions creditor countries, practical manual debt conversion prepared, submitted Government Sierra Leone final clearance creditor countries. (iii) debt strategy Mauritius Government 21. Development context. globalization international financial markets opened number opportunities, increased challenges posed developing countries management exposure fluctuations interest rates foreign exchange rates. integrated global financial market, developing countries seeking ways improve management assets liabilities. 22. Objectives results. project assessed Government’ financial requirements potential mis-matching future income expenditure, relation exchange rate interest rate risks, preparing study asset-liability management, presented Government Mauritius. Government requested follow- training risk management, place 1998. (iv) Private risk capital funds LDCs 23. Development context. decision UNCTAD IX, pilot seminar promotion private investment flows developed countries (LDCs) held Geneva June 1997. -sponsored UNIDO. seminar examined mechanisms investment funds (country funds, venture capital funds, specific sectoral investment funds) attract foreign investment flows LDCs reference () tourism; (ii) agro-industries; (iii) infrastructure. 24. Features/output/results. Feasibility studies foreign investment prepared sectors mentioned . studies analysed investment vehicle() channel private -FDI investment LDCs, examined commercial, legal financial framework required creation fund viable. 25. final output form publication English ("Investing pre-emerging markets" (UNCTAD/GDS/GFSB/3)), compiles findings TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 9 feasibility studies, contributions LDCs specific investment opportunities countries. . DMFAS Programme 26. Development context. scant attention paid developing countries basic functions debt management contributing factors debt crisis 1980s. basic functions include: () compilation accurate --date records external loans; () full awareness timing amounts debt servicing obligations; () possibility projecting impact foreign borrowing decisions entities debt profile balance payments. 27. objectives Programme assist developing countries countries transition develop administrative, institutional legal structures effective debt management; establish adequate information system, detailed aggregated data loan contracts, future disbursements, future debt service payments; improve national capacity define select debt strategies; increase national capacity record grants projects financed external resources, contributing aid management. 28. Features. UNCTAD developed technical cooperation package Debt Management Financial Analysis System (DMFAS). core package computer-based debt management system. system installed Central Banks / Ministries Finance framework technical cooperation country project, funded UNDP, multilateral / bilateral donors, Governments . 29. assistance extended Programme consists main features: 9 Software designed fulfil operational, statistical analytical debt managers bodies involved elaborating external debt strategies; 9 Training software; 9 Advisory services, including assessments advice technical, administrative, legal institutional debt management issues, assistance software installation maintenance. 30. 30 active projects expenditures $2 million year, DMFAS Programme main technical cooperation programmes UNCTAD. 31. response high demand countries presently cooperating DMFAS Programme, UNCTAD organized international Debt Management Conference, composed -day Seminar trends debt management information technology, -day Workshop reporting analytical capabilities DMFAS 5.0. presentations Seminar published distributed 1998. Due success event, Conference regular feature DMFAS Programme. greatly enhance understanding debt management problems developing countries economies transition, accordance Midrand Declaration adopted UNCTAD IX 1996. TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 10 32. Output/results/impact. 1997, activities focused implementation version system - DMFAS 5.0 - replacing current version 4.1 existing client countries. version, English, French Spanish, developed Oracle' relational database management system fourth-generation programming tools. DMFAS 5.0, represents 10 years cumulative experience area debt management, state---art standard debt management system, expected widely standard system world. years, Programme doubled client base 40 countries. long- medium-term debts managed DMFAS amount $400 billion represent 25 cent debts group countries. expected expansion continue, year 2000 Programme client base 60 countries. 33. 1997, version system, released 1995 introduced 15 countries, installed 10 countries. addition maintenance system, implementation support, major activities included assessments demonstration missions, design national regional projects. 34. gains obtained DMFAS Programme user countries difficult quantify, benefits information, analysis, negotiations policy-making measured. , generally accepted gains exceed cost DMFAS country projects. cost projects ranges $100,000 $1 million, depending activities undertaken, size debt data base computerized, equipment staff included project. 35. minimum, DMFAS pays making debt servicing procedures efficient checking inconsistencies claims creditor agencies. Substantial savings avoiding unnecessary costs overpayments creditors penalty interests due poor book-keeping. Argentina, , DMFAS project cost $1 million, direct savings actual implementation project amounted $25 million. 36. DMFAS Programme products services framework country projects, funding generally , operates central team experts ( 16 professionals) based Geneva. 1995, addition regular budget country projects, team funded group bilateral donors, including Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden Switzerland. Donor meetings regularly organized order obtain required resources. Discussions presently order ensure stable adequate funding Programme continue respond challenges . external evaluation Programme funded Swiss Government presented latest donors’ meeting held Geneva 1998 ( Overview, part IV, information). TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 11 3. Special Programmes . Assistance Palestinian People 37. Activities Palestinian Authority (PA) included work relevant substantive divisions. activities backstopped divisions concerned support Special Economic Unit (Palestinian People). 38. Development context/objectives. work secretariat assistance Palestinian people acquired increasing emphasis operational activities. expertise Divisions, coordinated guided Special Economic Unit, deployed provide direct advisory services prepare training technical cooperation projects. aim orientation assist nascent Palestinian Authority (PA), range technical cooperation activities, strengthen Palestinian private sector institutional development. 39. Features. Based findings 12 advisory missions fielded 1995, secretariat prepared summary project proposals endorsed concerned Ministries PA, submitted inclusion "Palestinian Development Plan, 1998-2000 (PDP)". 1997, UNCTAD secretariat advisory services /training areas: Feasibility study industrial estate Nablus. project aimed developing expertise consensus policy regulatory options, creating infrastructural, institutional managerial capacities needed establishment operation Nablus industrial estate. Strengthening capacities domestic insurance sector. UNCTAD advisory services issue assisted PA Controller Insurance wide range related technical, institutional, legal operational issues. Consultations implementation measures outlined funding follow- activities. emerging international trading system implications Palestinian economy. UNCTAD' assistance solicited PA organizing workshops PA officials private sector subject, lines workshops organized UNCTAD Arab countries. Strengthening technical operational capacities customs administration. UNCTAD trade facilitation expert undertook advisory mission assist PA preparing Automated System Customs Data (ASYCUDA). UNCTAD carried preparatory assistance activities related : () promoting cooperation Palestinian Authority Egypt Jordan improving subregional trade-related services; (ii) strengthening trade efficiency (Palestinian trade point); (iii) TRAINFORTRADE; (iv) Seminar International Procurement Trading Strategic Food Commodities. 40. Results/impact. UNCTAD’ technical cooperation efforts providing assistance Palestinian people began receive extra-budgetary funding 1997. , impact proposals activities TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 12 stage viewed isolation broader substantive underpinnings, research analytical work undertaken secretariat context work programme assistance Palestinian people. extent PA endorsed UNCTAD’ proposals, capacity effecting policy / procedures recognized prime beneficiary UNCTAD’ work. Actual extra-budgetary funding approved UNCTAD projects area 1997-1998 ($550,000) benchmark sustained growth programme. . Trust Fund Iron Ore 41. Development context. suspension activities Association Iron Ore Exporting Countries (APEF) 1 June 1989, Governments countries decided establish trust fund project iron ore information administered UNCTAD. 42. Output/results. Iron Ore Statistics Supplement. Continuing series started 1989, statistical report supplement published biannually July November. tables worldwide country- specific data iron ore production, exports, imports prices, pellet production, exports production capacity. issue updates series previous year, supplement data estimates current year. 43. Market Report Iron Ore. 1997 Report latest series annual publications ( issued April/) updated data iron ore production, trade prices, short-term outlook, market analysis. TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 13 ) TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 14 ) TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 15 ) TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 16 ) TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 17 . Division International Trade Goods Services, Commodities 1. Trade Analysis Systemic Issues . Development Trade Capacities () Impact Uruguay follow- selected African countries: Country studies 44. Development context. African countries highly dependent foreign trade, export-led growth remains constrained weak production structures heavy reliance narrow range primary exports. UNCTAD IX, member States agreed UNCTAD focus assisting effective integration developing countries international trading system promote development competitiveness. 45. October 1997, request African Ministers Trade, UNCTAD launched cycle country-specific studies selected African countries impact dynamic effects Uruguay follow- national development objectives. countries covered Benin, Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger Togo, work preparation studies started 1997. 46. Objectives. main objectives studies () assist governments acquire understanding impact Uruguay respective economies; (ii) facilitate policy responses adjusting Uruguay Agreements, (iii) maximum advantage opportunities created . study national workshop discuss findings recommendations. 47. Features. approach conducting studies based assumption attainment effective integration world trading system depends exogenous trade factors adoption suitable domestic policies. methodology adopted analyse existing trade flows country, identify extent tariff benefit exports concerned. addition, attention paid growth export products, identified. 48. Results/impacts. completion studies : () provide governments private sector analysis market access conditions enable identify potential trading opportunities; (ii) provide governments adequate information pertaining sectoral impact relevant agreements, enable review current future policies view adapting trading environment; (iii) enable governments identify trade policy options deriving advantages coping challenges international trading framework. context, governments assisted advantage special differential treatment . 49. , studies raise awareness Uruguay Agreements assess implications countries concerned. addition, studies focus policy makers’ attention main policy issues facing adjusting post-Uruguay environment, provide TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 18 UNCTAD report " Uruguay follow-:1 Building positive Agenda development" (UNCTAD/ITCD/TED/2), November 1997. catalyst informed policy actions institutional requirements global market challenges opportunities. 50. conclusions resulting recommendations set studies impact dynamic effects Uruguay follow- national development objectives selected African countries, covering Ghana, Malawi Namibia conducted 1996, presented expert meeting " impact dynamic effects Uruguay follow- developing countries" convened Secretary-General UNCTAD, 3 4 March 1997, Geneva.1 (ii) Tripartite project: UNCTAD component UNCTAD/WTO/ITC Joint Integrated Technical Assistance Programme Africa (JITAP) 51. Development context. UNCTAD IX, agreed UNCTAD focus assisting effective integration developing countries international trading system promote development, work undertaken cooperation WTO relevant international organizations. Integrated Programme response ITC, UNCTAD WTO decision. 52. Programme’ objective enhance development prospects competitiveness African countries increased participation international trade. emphasizes human resource development institutional capacity-building strengthening export supply capabilities. designed maximize cooperation -sponsoring organizations improve utilization effectiveness resources. 53. Features. Programme designed implemented main stages, outlined . 54. stage , priority attention human resource development institutional strengthening focusing implementation Uruguay agreements. Activities include: (1) Public awareness campaigns WTO Agreements; (2) National subregional seminars public private sectors multilateral framework international trade; (3) National subregional seminars public private sectors post-Uruguay trading opportunities; (4) training trainers international trade. 55. UNCTAD’ contribution focused activities (1), (2) (4). 56. Stage concentrates policy supportive measures strengthen export supply capacities exploit trading opportunities identified. focus activities : TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 19 (1) Strengthening institutional capacities trade policy; (2) Supporting product export market diversification; (3) Removing trade-related bottlenecks; (4) Improving efficiency trading; (5) Strengthening trade negotiating capacities; (6) Promoting flow information business community public sector. 57. UNCTAD’ contribution focused activities (1), (3), (4) (5). 58. Common Trust Fund Joint Integrated Technical Assistance Programme WTO, UNCTAD ITC Selected Developed African Countries established provide central point deposit contributions Joint Programme, improve transparency complementary contributions received, increase efficiency identification, formulation, implementation, monitoring evaluation individual programme activities, including country projects. 59. sommon Trust Fund operated general guidance Steering Group Joint Programme, composed representatives donors Fund Joint Programme recipient partners, Secretariats cooperating institutions , observers, request, potential donors recipient partners. 60. Common Trust Fund windows, : 9 Window intended receive unearmarked contributions finance activities assessments, project formulation missions, preparatory assistance activities advisory missions, complementary full financing required individual projects countries included Programme. 9 Window II intended receive contributions donors country projects components thereof. 61. Output/results/impact. countries covered Programme Benin, Burkina Faso, ôte ’Ivoire, Ghana, Kenya, Tunisia, Uganda United Republic Tanzania. Based results assessment missions, carried 1996, project proposals prepared countries. National implementation 62. Programme activities led coordinated country Steering Committee concerned institutions. Day--day implementation, including coordination counterpart inputs, facilitated task forces working groups, constituted counterpart organizations bearing responsibility Programme execution. 63. Monitoring Management WTO, UNCTAD ITC. -Saharan countries covered Integrated Programme, WTO, UNCTAD ITC put place resident, regional coordinators manage projects groups countries. coordinators posted : () West Africa ( Benin, Burkina Faso, ôte 'Ivoire Ghana), (ii) East Africa ( Kenya, United TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 20 Republic Tanzania Uganda). report focal points representing organizations Geneva. 64. Project implementation coordinated activities ongoing technical assistance projects carried WTO, UNCTAD ITC, donors international organizations. , JITAP activities contribute implementation Integrated Framework Technical Cooperation adopted October 1997 High-Level Meeting LDCs. (iii) Technical assistance countries acceding WTO 65. Development context. 1997, UNCTAD secretariat pursued implementation intergovernmental mandate agreed UNCTAD IX, aimed assisting countries process accession WTO part integration world economy international trading system. 66. Objectives. UNCTAD’ technical cooperation Governments acceding countries general objectives: 9 assist national officials elaborating optimal approaches initial phase accession process WTO, making inventory relevant problems solved internal external nature; 9 strengthen knowledge national officials techniques tactics multilateral trade negotiations order improve negotiating capacity; 9 provide advice trade policy formulation, relating negotiations accession WTO; 9 strengthen capacities trade-supporting national institutional structures (including academic community) training joint analysis relevant problem areas. 67. Features. Technical assistance delivered UNCTAD : 9 undertaking advisory missions working national negotiating team; 9 assistance preparing documentation required negotiations accession WTO; 9 preparation analytical papers briefings national policy makers; 9 organization brainstorming meetings seminars; 9 diffusion trade policy information. 68. Output/results/impact. 1997, outputs results achieved implementation main projects: Algeria. Project assisted preparation WTO Working Party Algeria : () finalizing answers questions WTO members submitted June 1997; () organizing study tour Geneva Algerian officials, conducted June 1997; () preparing analytical reports issues accession negotiations. project contributed substantively initial phase Algeria’ accession WTO. TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 21 Belarus. Project contributed : () preparations Working Party Accession assisting preparing answers questions basis Memorandum; () financing translation WTO-related laws regulations English; () facilitating consultations Geneva Belarus members WTO Working Party; () continuing "Impact Study" relating accession. occasions, Belarus Government expressed satisfaction assistance rendered requested expansion project cover extensively areas training trade officials informing business community WTO-related issues international trade. China. main activities carried 1997 : () organization seminars workshops textiles, services trade statistics, impact WTO Agreements; () advisory missions; () preparation studies reports agriculture, China' market economy system, automobile industry, .; () preparation publications findings Project diffusion information general public. Jordan. project assisted () preparing inventory relevant problems solved context Jordan’ negotiating strategy; () undertaking advisory mission finalize project document "Support Jordan’ integration Global Economy Accession World Trade Organization" (June 1997) prepare Jordanian negotiators WTO Working Party Jordan (July 1997); () commenting answers set questions WTO members advising negotiators approaches issues raised Working Parties Accession, provision information Government. Lithuania. major contribution preparation negotiating market access goods services, case agricultural products: () - support preparing positions advanced stage multilateral negotiations; () seminar brainstorming meeting arranged negotiating team fourth WTO Working Party Accession. Nepal. project assistance : () preparing draft Memorandum Foreign Trade Regime Nepal; () engaging national consultants analysis specific issues connected accession WTO (consistency national legislation WTO rules; trade textiles; agriculture; services); () engaging international expert analyse adequacy Nepal' regulatory system services trade-related aspects intellectual property rights; () logistical information support Government. Russian Federation. Project contributed : () preparation initial offer goods; () work national consultants agriculture; () preparatory activities initial offer services. tripartite review Project, conducted July 1997, Project agreed (Phase II), concentrate specific issues (services sectors; technical barriers trade; sanitary phytosanitary measures) human institutional capacity- building. Government expressed satisfaction assistance rendered. Viet Nam. activities implemented UNCTAD 1997 related : () training; () background studies Viet Nam' trade relations major trading countries; () assistance Viet Nam preparation TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 22 replies questions raised WTO members relation Viet Nam' trade regime. 69. Arab States, regional. activities undertaken relation implementation regional components Project "Support Arab States economic social reform". Project UNCTAD initiated implemented national projects WTO issues (accession, implementation WTO agreements) Algeria, Bahrain, Jordan, Sudan, Tunisia United Arab Emirates. Advisory services missions undertaken Algeria, Palestinian territory, United Arab Emirates. Consultations advisory services United Arab Emirates concerned organization national workshop. advisory mission Bahrain related national project "Strengthening Bahrain’ capacity globalization trade". seminar Algerian project, June 1997 study tour Geneva organized Algerian officials accession WTO implementation WTO Agreement. Algerian project contributed substantially initial phase Algeria’ accession WTO. addition, national projects involving Albania, Cambodia Kazakhstan pipeline. Governments countries acceding WTO (.. Armenia, Azerbaijan) requested technical assistance UNCTAD area. (iv) Trade services ( CAPAS Programme) 70. Development context. Africa' decision-makers, adoption General Agreement Trade Services (GATS) conclusion Uruguay , inclusion services Lomé Convention, implementation structural adjustment recovery programmes large number countries served draw attention stakes services sector. , growing understanding African decision-makers reform domestic service policies line regional integration multilateral market access liberalization objectives. 71. Objectives. CAPAS, Coordinated African Programme Assistance Services, capacity-building programme technical assistance. phases II CAPAS involved 14 African countries (Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Madagascar, Namibia, Nigeria, Senegal, Uganda, United Republic Tanzania, Zambia Zimbabwe). main goal develop endogenous policy- making capacity country level areas domestic service sector policy, regional integration services, multilateral negotiations trade services, ultimate objective enable African Governments respond environment services sector created result Uruguay Agreements, General Agreement Trade Services (GATS). 72. Features. main targets CAPAS project African trade ministries, line ministries dealing services, private sector organizations, national consulting research community. CAPAS structured promote public policy-making process relies part consultations inputs -government actors (principally private sector consulting research community). 73. CAPAS phase, seek implement project national capacity-building countries provide analytical TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 23 assistance preparation negotiations services. phase main parts: (1) Implementation CAPAS group ten countries. original group CAPAS countries, implementation CAPAS country level entail organization national inter-institutional working groups (IWGs) headed Ministry Trade, preparation national sectoral studies services national research teams (NRTs) working IWGs guidance UNCTAD, International Telecommunication Union (ITU) studies telecommunications, selected group experts. component project run 1997 1998. (2) Analytical assistance -Saharan African WTO members GATS negotiations. set analytical studies sectoral service liberalization issues figure prominently service negotiations beginning year 2000 prepared serve working documents series -regional seminars African Governments private sector officials. purpose seminars countries identify national regional-wide negotiating interests positions area services. analytical studies build part national studies developed countries CAPAS project implemented. 74. CAPAS project seeks transfer experience original CAPAS project group countries. Methodologies national studies inspired, part, original group countries. addition, greatest extent , CAPAS utilize African expertise developed context original project assist implementation project. 75. Output/results/impact. CAPAS, participating countries build bridges trade ministries private sector organizations linkages existed. , national research teams, Programme helped strengthen linkage academia government policy makers. , inter-institutional working groups sectoral studies means strengthening coordination line ministries - paramount issue formulation solid trade policy. 76. practice, means CAPAS assisted policy makers negotiators informed positions national WTO context, constructing legal regulatory framework conducive development competitive service sectors. African Governments participating countries learned CAPAS prepare "Schedules Specific Commitments" party GATS prepare service sector. . Trade Analysis Information System (TRAINS) TRAINS CD-Rom 77. Development context. decision Trade Development Board, called UNCTAD secretariat provide, request, information Database Trade Control Measures responsibility, UNCTAD TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 24 developed TRAINS (Trade Analysis Information System) dissemination tool, TRAINS CD-Rom. 78. Objectives. TRAINS information system, global aim increase transparency international trading conditions. intended specifically policy makers economic operators engaged exporting, comprehensive information system. powerful tool, trade negotiations (.. monitoring integration process) general research international trade. component system relates Generalized System Preferences (GSP) extent includes information tariffs, preferential margins, rules origin regulations affecting export interests developing countries vis-à-vis preference-giving countries. 79. Features. TRAINS CD-Rom compared specialized library books trade-related topics, : 9 100 volumes tariff schedules, 45 1997; 9 30 volumes para-tariff measures; 9 50 publications -tariff measures, produced UNCTAD; 9 100 volumes detailed import statistics origin 69 reporting countries, successive years period 1992- 1996. 80. software accompanies information CD-Rom designed render compatible presentation analysis databases. enables user search sort data, comparative data analysis effective manner conventional library. 5,000 basic items current international trade classification, aggregate thereof, cross-country comparison basic indicators import regime, tariff averages incidence - tariff measures; , comparison import values. development TRAINS software, inter alia, integration SMART module (System Market Analysis Restrictions Trade), carried collaboration World Bank. subsystem (TRAINS Americas) developed collaboration Inter-American Development Bank extension database information bilateral preferential trade agreements, rules origin Western Hemisphere. 81. dissemination purposes, UNCTAD invited member States subregional institutions designate TRAINS focal points , addition supplied updated information trade control measures, serve channel UNCTAD obtains information countries regions, computerized information tariffs trade, documentation para- tariff -tariff measures. regional secretariats actively collaborating UNCTAD ALADI, SAARC, SIECA UDEAC. TRAINS CD-Rom parties minimum contribution UNCTAD trust fund created purpose. 82. Output/results/impact. widespread UNCTAD Database, publications organizations OECD, World Bank IMF, UNCTAD , attests recognition usefulness. TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 25 addition, TRAINS information system widely Ministries Trade National Export Promotion Offices. number universities private organizations voluntary contributions TRAINS trust fund good indication system. Citations reports OECD WTO usefulness TRAINS Database confirm eminent place TRAINS software Database Trade Control Measures tools analysis international discussion market access conditions trade barriers. TRAINS Generalized System Preferences (GSP) 83. Development context/objectives. aim TRAINS GSP increase transparency GSP preferential tariffs developing countries, , specifically, facilitate spread --date information tariffs para-tariffs Mediterranean GSP preference-receiving countries disseminating TRAINS GSP focal points. 84. Features/output/results. period review, cooperation preference-giving countries, updated information incorporated 1997 version TRAINS revised GSP schemes preferential EU tariffs Mediterranean countries countries transition. version distributed GSP focal points Spring 1998. resulted enhancement usefulness TRAINS increased utilization preferential schemes. development Arabic version software continued 1997 expected ready distribution 1998, increasing accessibility utilization TRAINS Mediterranean countries. 85. Advisory missions Industry Trade Coordination Division (SITCD) SADC Secretariat, Dar-es-Salaam, improve utilization TRAINS regional level. National advisory services Mozambique, Namibia South Africa software utilization presentation field activities. . Preferential Arrangements () Market access, trade laws preferences 86. Development context. aim present project enable developing countries advantage newly created trade possibilities opportunities optimum utilization multilateral bilateral trade preferences -reciprocal reciprocal nature. project intended give understanding , familiarization , trade laws regulations governing market access conditions country markets. 87. Objectives. project main objectives: () increase utilization trading opportunities trade preferences force preferential arrangements, GSP, Lomé Convention bilateral agreements; (ii) increase regionalization efforts foster intraregional trade supporting enabling government officials conduct negotiations multilateral regional levels. 88. Features. Technical cooperation activities project directed addressing market access trade policy difficulties regional multilateral levels, including assistance countries involved negotiating free TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 26 trade agreements (FTAs). , workshops seminars GSP preferential arrangements conducted developing countries advisory missions workshops regional integration SADC area. activities complemented specific advisory missions trade laws, rules origin techniques tariff liberalization. 89. Output/results. period review, project undertook revision updating handbooks GSP schemes (13) handbook trade arrangements Lomé Convention, order provide adequate information support utilization trade preferences. project finalized GSP handbooks Canada, European Union, Norway Switzerland. compiled handbook trade laws EC handbook trade arrangements Lomé IV Mauritius revision Convention. leaflets specific subjects prepared distributed. 90. time, project started organize computerized tutorial based abovementioned handbooks CD Rom, diskettes Internet developing country administrations GSP focal points. reestablished relations preference-giving countries update GSP trade data system, data country/product utilization rates GSP schemes. 91. Southern Africa, advisory missions undertaken Industry Trade Coordination Division (SITCD) SADC Secretariat implementation SADC Trade Protocol view establishing FTA region. 92. Country-specific advisory missions undertaken, Mozambique, Namibia South Africa, forthcoming negotiations SADC Trade Protocol. Specific advice missions options tariff dismantling, utilizing SMART methodology. 93. South Africa, joint pilot project, financed conjunction Department Trade Industry (DTI), carried study implications trade effects FTA EU. tables held DTI advisory memoranda prepared implications rules origin. workshop quantitative requirements relating origin South Africa-EU negotiations held Johannesburg. 94. Namibia, workshop conducted trading opportunities market access SADC Trade Protocol, Lomé Convention GSP schemes post- Uruguay context. (ii) Global System Trade Preferences Developing Countries (GSTP) 95. Development context/objectives. GSTP established framework exchange trade preferences developing countries view promoting mutual trade. entry force, 43 countries participants. GSTP Negotiations conducted aim facilitating process accession GSTP advancing exchange trade concessions. objective UNCTAD GSTP project support processes. TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 27 96. Output/results. 1997, technical support implementation GSTP preferential concessions. Support activities related servicing meetings GSTP bodies. Background notes developing countries interested participating GSTP, information delegations experts capitals attending trade meetings Geneva. Technical assistance extended developing countries participating GSTP Negotiations. Supportive activities covered areas product--product negotiations, --board tariff reductions, direct trade measures. 97. product--product negotiations, large number participating countries submitted consolidated lists concessions , collectively, establish schedule concessions . (iii) Technical cooperation trade relations economic cooperation Mediterranean region 98. Development context. implementation Uruguay Agreements reorientation European Union (EU) trade policy countries resulted drastic market access trade relations developing countries Mediterranean region. Barcelona Declaration October 1995 envisages establishment Euro-Mediterranean Free Trade Zone year 2010, involving bilateral association agreements EU individual Mediterranean countries, closer ties . developments confront region significant shift trade policy main trading partner, -reciprocal reciprocal market access. establishment Association Agreements extend areas trade goods, involving adaptation trade-related policies intellectual property rights, competition law, customs cooperation standards. 99. Objectives. objective project support Mediterranean countries’ efforts meet challenge assisting negotiation implementation agreements, lay groundwork phase Barcelona programme, .. establishment free trade agreements (FTAs) Mediterranean countries. 100. Features. order achieve project’ objectives activities comprise main features: () providing support policy makers selected topics preferential market access extended EU Mediterrranean country territory agricultural goods, comparison EU concessions WTO, alternatives liberalization industrial sector, provisions intellectual property rights, competition law, liberalization services, customs cooperation, environmental technical standards, . (ii) familiarizing business community coverage depth tariff cuts preferential market access provisions. TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 28 101. Output/results. request interested Mediterranean Governments, project carried , period review, advisory missions workshops build negotiating capacity assist evaluating implications implementing specific provisions Association Agreements. Advisory missions conducted Algeria, Egypt Jordan. 102. project started implement -regional project financed UNDP Maghreb strategy integration. objective subproject carry study trade policy choices strategy adopted members Union du Maghreb Arabe (UMA) achieve regional FTA customs union line objective establishment Euro-Mediterranean free trade area year 2010. time, -national projects operation Egypt, advisory mission Jordan finalized project document including component aimed providing information business community. 103. period revision, publication series studies, handbooks leaflets finalized distribution comments started. series covers: 9 Access EU markets agricultural products Uruguay export interest Mediterranean countries (UNCTAD/ITCD/TSB/Misc.5) 9 Market access exports Mediterranean countries territories European Union markets: handbook exports. Part : Algeria, Egypt, Jordan Syrian Arab Republic (UNCTAD/ITCD/TSB/Misc.3) 9 Market access exports Mediterranean countries territories European Union markets: handbook exports. Part : Algeria, Egypt, Jordan Syrian Arab Republic. Addendum (UNCTAD/ITCD/TSB/Misc.3/Add.1) 9 Market access exports Mediterranean countries territories European Union markets: handbook exports. Part : Morocco Tunisia (UNCTAD/ITCD/TSB/Misc.7) 9 Market access exports Mediterranean countries territories European Union markets: handbook exports. Part : Morocco Tunisia. Addendum (UNCTAD/ITCD/TSB/Misc.7/Add.1) 9 Anti-dumping safeguards EU-Mediterranean association agreements (UNCTAD/ITCD/TSB/Misc.10). Published 1998 9 preliminary analysis implications competition law provisions EUROMED Agreements (UNCTAD/TSB/Misc.8). Published 1998 9 Issues intellectual property rights protection Euro-Mediterranean Agreements. Forthcoming 104. , activities contributed addressing issues fundamental bearing future EU-Mediterranean countries. include: () trade liberalization EU industrial products; (ii) rules origin; (iii) agricultural exports; (iv) competition law, IPRs trade liberalization services. TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 29 (iv) Assistance countries Asian region MFN preferential tariffs negotiations GSP utilization 105. Development context/objective. programme aims strengthening capacity developing countries Asia tariff negotiations, increase utilization GSP benefits, provide understanding import remedy measures major trading partners. programme identify trading opportunities tariff reductions effected Uruguay . 106. Output/results. project started 1997, initially strengthening updating information materials Handbook trade laws Japan Directory import regimes. National seminars GSP trade laws Cambodia Viet Nam advisory mission Lao People’ Democratic Republic prepared. 2. Commodities . Commodity-based Development Diversification 107. Objectives. objectives : () assist governments commodity-dependent countries design implementation policies measures facilitate horizontal vertical diversification, / improve performance traditional commodity sectors, (ii) enterprise sector benefit opportunities , deal challenges, post-Uruguay trading framework. 108. Features. programme consists country- sector-based analytical studies, policy advice capacity building. 109. Output/results/impact. 1997 requests received commodity- dependent countries. Resource constraints, , allowed positive response. Financed UNDP, Angola, expert analyses preparation policy framework undertaken rehabilitation coffee palm oil sectors Angola. . Commodity Marketing Risk Management 110. Objectives. main objective ensure cost savings, efficient planning management Governments, parastatals private sector modern marketing financing possibilities commodity trade. 111. Features. programme features publication analytical studies manuals, policy advice, awareness-raising activities training. 112. Output/impact/results. largest activity 1997 African Oil Trade Conference, held Harare, Zimbabwe, 15 17 April. Conference (organized Eastern Southern African Trade Development Bank, National Oil Company Zimbabwe considerable private sector sponsorship including African companies), attracted 170 participants 25 African countries. UNCTAD received requests 18 countries, including LDCs, assist identification oil price risks development improved marketing, risk management financing TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 30 strategies oil. Lack donor support impossible respond positively requests. 113. UNCTAD’ work emerging commodity exchanges helped advance development countries. Finance World Bank UNCTAD’ work commodity exchange development Turkey, Indonesian Government mission Jakarta. UNCTAD published paper "Emerging commodity exchanges, potential success" (UNCTAD/ITCD/COM/4), giving operational guidelines creation operation commodity exchanges. 114. Training modern commodity marketing risk management methods held Cuba (sponsored private sector), Kuala Lumpur (sponsored Kuala Lumpur Commodity Exchange) Senegal ( part TRAINFORTRADE programme Francophone West African countries). technical cooperation activities 1997 included provision information analyses sugar policies marketing practices, World Sugar Sweeteners Conference (sponsored private sector), held Cuba 21 23 October 1997. . Natural Resources 115. Objectives. context participatory development social impacts mining, principal objective assist developing country Governments implementing policies ensure interests local communities account early stage project development solutions acceptable stakeholders reached. 116. Features/output/results. UNCTAD developed model framework assist identification, analysis management long-term mineral resource issues. framework includes training tools, techniques methodologies support cooperative approach sustainable development involve stakeholders, including local communities. model framework consists geomanagement system economic/ecological model. pilot project initiated South Africa, UNCTAD cooperating Government Northern Cape Province exploring development alternatives Namaqualand region, heavily dependent mining diamonds base metals. 1997, economic model region prepared. Provincial Government assess consequences anticipated reductions mining employment evaluate scenarios future development region. 3. Trade, Environment Development 117. Development context. Agenda 21 stressed trade environmental policies mutually supportive actions national multilateral levels. requires attention, , policy makers, business community, academic institutions -governmental organizations. UNCTAD IX requested UNCTAD continue play special role field, including technical cooperation. 118. main objectives UNCTAD' technical cooperation programme trade, environment development : TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 31 9 assist increasing awareness understanding complex linkages trade, environment development; 9 enhance capacity public private sectors developing countries address, participatory framework, trade sustainable development issues; 9 support effective participation developing countries deliberations relevant international forums; 9 contribute design implementation economic policies measures ensure developing countries obtain economic benefits full Convention Biological Diversity. 119. Features/activities. Technical cooperation activities area closely linked intergovernmental work programme, implemented number projects. Activities carried close cooperation UNDP, UNEP, WTO, ITC, organizations representatives civil society, including research institutions -governmental organizations. 120. Output/results. Analyses country-specific experiences interlinkages trade environment policies completed Costa Rica, Malaysia Thailand. Arrangements including studies, studies completed earlier, forthcoming publication entitled "Reconciling trade environment: Lessons case studies developing countries", published Edward Elgar, Aldershot, United Kingdom. 121. series research studies experience selected developing countries regard effectiveness trade measures positive measures achieving objectives multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) synthesis review issue completed. Summaries studies, dealing experiences India, Indonesia, Republic Korea, Philippines Thailand, synthesis review undertaken view publication book form. 122. UNCTAD secretariat prepared background document trade environment issues key interest developed countries, submitted expert meeting held York 3 4 April 1997 evaluate implementation special measures favour LDCs Agenda 21. meeting organized Office Special Coordinator Africa Developed Countries Department Policy Coordination Sustainable Development, cooperation UNCTAD, preparation special session General Assembly place June 1997. 123. National case studies effects environmental policies, standards ( ISO 14000) regulations, including impact strategic export sectors, emphasis small medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), Viet Nam, Lao People’ Democratic Republic, Nepal Mongolia initiated 1997, completed quarter 1998. findings studies discussed workshop held Hanoi quarter 1998. 124. Preparatory work undertaken connection organization, cooperation Ministry Commerce Consumption Madagascar, national seminar trade, environment sustainable development, held Tananarivo March 1998. preliminary study carried national TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 32 consultant identify trade environment issues relevance Madagascar. 125. advisory mission undertaken context technical assistance project India Philippines integrated multi-stakeholder approach sound cost-effective management environmental occupational health risks recycling hazardous waste. interagency working group Philippines Government endorsed project proposal August 1997 designated focal point implementation. 126. Impact. results activities , disseminated workshops seminars, publications reach wider audience, contribute increase awareness challenge integrating trade, environment development concerns, enhance understanding complex linkages policies dimensions. studies undertaken stimulated policy analysis, debate conceptual work, facilitated consensus- building developing countries interaction environmental trade policies, increased effective participation countries international deliberations issues. 4. Competition Law Policy Consumer Protection 127. Development context. Strengthened competition enhances economic efficiency significantly improves prospects sustained economic growth development. worldwide implementation fundamental market-oriented economic reforms unleashed considerable competitive forces, play key role ensuring success reforms supported rules game. , developing countries economies transition, --date competition legislation policies, apply full effectiveness request technical assistance area. UNCTAD IX, UNCTAD mandate enhance technical cooperation area "promoting national competition consumer protection law policy formulation". 128. Objectives. programme aims assisting countries formulating reviewing competition policies legislation, contributing building national institutional capacity area providing government officials private entrepreneurs understanding competition laws policies. 129. Features. Assistance accordance requests received, countries concerned resources . main types technical cooperation activities : 9 Provision information restrictive business practices (RBPs), existence adverse effects economy. involve study restrictive business practices specific country; 9 Introductory seminars directed wide audience, including government officials academics, business consumer-oriented circles; 9 Assistance countries process drafting competition legislation form provision information legislation TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 33 countries advice drafting competition legislation; 9 Advisory services setting- competition authority; includes training officials responsible actual control RBPs involve training workshops / --job training competition authorities countries experience field competition; 9 Organization seminars countries adopted competition legislation, experience control RBPs consult specific cases exchange information; 9 Assistance countries revise competition legislation seek expert advice competition authorities countries, amend laws effective manner ; 9 Assistance area creating "competitive culture" preparing developing countries, including LDCs economies transition, future multilateral negotiations area. 130. Output/results. 1997 UNCTAD assisted Dominican Republic, Egypt, Madagascar, Malawi Mauritius preparing, elaborating reviewing competition legislations. UNCTAD assisted Zambia drawing structure operational procedures National Competition Commission. Competition experts engaged UNCTAD prepared reports assessing Tunisian experience implementing competition policy. 131. "Seminar Enforcement National Laws Competition Restrictive Business Practices" held Colombo, Sri Lanka (28 April-2 1997), organized German Government (DSE Federal Cartel Office) cooperation UNCTAD. Seminar interesting exchange experiences place experts national competition authorities Germany Sri Lanka. Regional activities 132. Asia, "Regional Seminar Competition Policy Consumer Protection Context Liberalization" jointly organized UNCTAD PRO-PUBLIC, prominent Consumers NGO Nepal, 29-30 September 1997, Kathmandu, Nepal. aim highlight importance competition policy Nepal exchange views benefits competition policy countries, including LDCs, , , benefits consumers. 133. activities Latin America, meeting ambassadors Central American countries UNCTAD November 1997, full- fledged draft document assisting countries area competition policy prepared UNCTAD submitted funding potential donors. , technical cooperation project competition law policy countries Free Trade Area Americas (FTAA) prepared UNCTAD, revised adopted Working Group Competition Policy FTAA September 1997. Participation seminars conferences 134. 1997, staff members UNCTAD part number seminars, workshops conferences related issues competition law policy consumer protection. , resource persons UNCTAD substantive TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 34 presentations / participated discussions meetings place Cameroon, Chile, Germany, India, Korea (Rep. ), Morocco, Peru, Russian Federation Thailand. TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 35 ) TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 36 ) TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 37 ) TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 38 ) TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 39 . Division Investment, Technology Enterprise Development 1. International Investment, Transnationals Technology Flows 135. activities implemented UNCTAD area 1997 projects related transnational corporations industrial restructuring developing countries, tradeability services, determinants foreign direct investment flows Brazil, Asian direct investment European Union. activities resulted publication Sharing Asia' Dynamism: Asian Direct Investment European Union, forthcoming publication determinants FDI Brazil. main activities : . Work Programme Multilateral Framework Investment (PMFI) 136. Development context. establishment World Trade Organization' Working Group Interrelationship Trade Investment ongoing negotiation Multilateral Agreement Investment (MAI) Organisation Economic -operation Development (OECD), regional initiatives international legal framework foreign direct investment (FDI), momentum involvement developing countries economies transition discussions Multilateral Framework Investment (PMFI). discussions require delegates participating familiar key issues FDI development dimension, key concepts considered context PMFI. 137. Objectives. objectives programme projects UNCTAD IX Midrand Declaration " Partnership Growth Development" (TD/377 - paragraph 89b), stipulating UNCTAD' role identifying analysing implications development issues relevant multilateral framework investment. prime objective UNCTAD’ work area developing countries economies transition participate effectively international discussions investment rule-making, bilateral, regional, plurilateral multilateral level. reflects greater information, transparency proper economic legal analysis subject. specifically, UNCTAD’ work aims consensus-building seeks developing countries deepen understanding issues involved, explore range problems considered, identify interests, , , ensure development dimension understood adequately addressed. 138. Features. Important features programme projects : () preparation series MFI Technical Papers, primary objective provide analytical stocktaking approaches issue consideration context international arrangements investment, emphasis development dimension, including comprehensive analysis documentation concept legal, economic development trade-offs approaches; (ii) organization series regional symposia seminars Geneva-based delegates; (iii) organization number training courses diplomats government officials matters related Multilateral Framework Investment (PMFI). TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 40 139. Parts work programme ( seminars Geneva-based delegates) jointly implemented WTO. UNCTAD closely work discussions OECD WTO , case, providing inputs Working Group Relationship Trade Investment. Experts organizations involved work undertaken area. UNCTAD interacting closely IMF ICC. 140. Output/results/impact. Implementation work programme commenced regional symposium Africa held Fez, Morocco, 19-20 June 1997. symposium concluded "Message Fez" expressed participants’ hope similar symposium organized Africa, examine depth key issues relevant international investment rule-making, development dimension. 1997, UNCTAD organized training issue Multilateral Framework Investment (MFI), held Turin, 1-3 December. complementary activity, UNCTAD cooperated organization European Industrialist Roundtable Multilateral Framework Investment (PMFI), held Geneva, 8 December 1997. session Commission Investment Technology Related Financial Issues (1997), urged UNCTAD "continue valuable work analytical research policy analysis determining assessing developmental implications issues related MFI", "enable UNCTAD deepen understanding issues involved, provide practical recommendations governments technical assistance area". results evaluations participants regional symposium Fez point direction. . EFDITS: Expansion Foreign Direct Investment Trade Services 141. Development context. project Expansion Foreign Direct Investment Trade Services (EFDITS) responds growing demand developing countries receive technical assistance area service investment trade liberalization seeks answer questions: price developing countries pay inefficient service sectors terms forfeited economic development opportunities , extent inefficiencies arise excessive protection domestic service industries, increased liberalization investment trade services assist removing burden restrictions place economy 142. Objectives. project aims assisting developing countries assess gains derive opening services markets foreign services providers, investment trade. 143. Features. important feature EFDITS linkage issues foreign direct investment, temporary movement personnel movement consumers issues "pure" cross-border trade. link contrasts case goods, investment trade issues traditionally treated separate manner conceptual, practical political viewpoint (.., negotiating forums). agencies: UNCTAD, World Bank UNDP jointly implement project. 144. Output/results/impact. Country reports Uganda Uruguay finalized published United Nations documents. country reports Thailand Tunisia finalized published shortly. TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 41 . Technical Cooperation Developing Countries Expand Strengthen Role Foreign Direct Investment Small Medium-Sized Enterprises Developing Countries Asia 145. Development context. project responds growing demand developing countries Asia receive technical assistance attracting foreign direct investment small medium-sized enterprises maximize contribution development. 146. Objectives. project seeks enhance skills national policy makers developing countries Asia formulating measures programmes attract foreign direct investment small medium-sized enterprises maximize contribution development. 147. Features. project seeks train decision-makers policy formulation promote foreign direct investment small medium-sized enterprises. 148. Output/results/impact. international conference "SMEs-FDI-Development: Attracting SMEs Promoting Development Developing Asia" place Kunming, China, 29 - 31 October 1997. , Handbook Foreign Direct Investment Small Medium-sized Enterprises: Lessons Asia (United Nations publication, Sales . .98.II..4) prepared published 1998. 2. National Innovation Investment Policies . FORINVEST: Policy Framework Attracting Foreign Investment 149. Development context. globalization economic activities, driven increased liberalization, developing countries seeking investment transnational corporations. materializes pro-active policy designed maximize foreign investment flows view increasing external capital/foreign exchange, exports, employment training, technology capacity management marketing skills. 150. Objectives. assist developing countries strengthening capacity create manage policy operating climate foreign investment international business thrive. 151. Features. FORINVEST advisory services training packages related investment policy, investment legislation, investment codes, sectoral policies governing participation transnational corporations specific sectors, technology transfer mechanisms attracting investment ( export processing zones, industrial estates Build-Operate-Transfer arrangements). 152. Output/results. reporting period, components FORINVEST programme implemented countries: Albania, Bangladesh, Eritrea, Gambia, Sao Tome Principe, Uganda, West Bank Gaza Strip. , UNCTAD involved number regional initiatives Group Arab States Union Economique Monétaire Ouest Africaine (UEMOA). cases exemplify programme implemented: TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 42 9 Sao Tome Principe. UNCTAD continued implement series activities related providing assistance Government development improved legal fiscal framework investment. Activities 1997 included development implementing legislation investment laws drafted UNCTAD subsequently adopted decrees Government. 9 West Bank Gaza Strip. fielding number missions Palestine 1995 1996 request Palestinian Authority UNDP, UNCTAD asked implementation project entitled " Development Industrial Estate Nablus: Project Feasibility, Implementation Strategy Environmental Impact". July-August 1997 pre-feasibility study conducted , based results, tender feasibility study issued. feasibility study Nablus Industrial Estate completed 1998. 9 Uganda. request Government Uganda project implemented strengthen capacity Uganda Investment Authority developing industrial estate export processing zone. regard, legislation proposed foreign investment export processing zones . , pre-feasibility study undertaken jointly UNIDO evaluate proposed site capital. 9 Group Arab Countries. project initiated harmonize relevant business legislation Arab countries. purpose, studies business legislation undertaken local consultants Egypt, Lebanon, Morocco Saudi Arabia. studies completed expert meeting March 1998. seminars held 1998 order discuss studies propose recommendations harmonization business legislation Arab region. . Investment Policy Reviews (IPR) 153. Development context. today’ competitive environment foreign direct investment, number countries requested independent assessments investment policies business environment, hope identify strengths weaknesses terms attracting FDI. Investment Policy Reviews (IPRs) complex separate activities FORINVEST, focus investment part holistic process enterprise development. provide analytical base diagnostic tools evaluate strengths weaknesses national system innovation production affects attractiveness countries foreign investors. involve ministries dialogues policy coherence respect issue public-private sector dialogues strengthen policies institutions relevant FDI. 154. Objectives. provide developing countries external tool assessing stand today attracting FDI kind consonance stated national objectives, incorporating medium- long-term perspective respond emerging regional global opportunities. 155. Features. IPRs encompass : () examination country’ objectives competitive position attracting FDI; (ii) audit TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 43 country’ FDI policy framework administrative structures procedures; (iii) survey firms obtain investor’ perceptions experiences; (iv) table meeting stakeholders discuss preliminary findings, policy options recommendations; () presentation intergovernmental international forums governments private sector representatives familiarize country’ investment environment policies, country officials benefit peer review. 156. Output/results. endorsement IPR programme UNCTAD IX, IPRs implemented financial support Government Switzerland UNDP Egypt, Peru, Uganda Uzbekistan. request received Ecuador. implementation subject availability funds. . TRANSACT: Negotiating International Business Arrangements 157. Development context. Successful agreements today' complex international business environment require command innovative financial techniques sophisticated legal fiscal structures, expertise variety disciplines. 158. Objectives. assist Governments ( private sector) tackling range issues arise negotiations foreign investors, transnational corporations. 159. Features. TRANSACT advisory services training packages related investment projects, sectoral regimes, construction contracts joint ventures, related technology transfer, finance taxation issues. 160. Output/results. reporting period, components TRANSACT programme implemented countries: Eritrea, Oman Sao Tome Principe. cases exemplify programme implemented: 9 Eritrea. Ministry Energy, Mining Water Resources Eritrea assistance training programme petroleum economics petroleum fiscal systems received latest software area. Advisory services implementation licence registration system. 9 Oman. request Government Sultanate Oman, modern mining legislation related regulations fiscal regime drafted. Model contracts licences mining sector Government Oman. . STAMP: Strengthening/Streamlining Agencies concerned Maximizing Promoting FDI 161. Development context. environment increased liberalization, countries adopting pro-active policy maximizing foreign investment flows, subject terms conditions prevail environment. 162. Objectives. assist developing countries economies transition strengthening investment institutions - investment promotion agencies (IPAs) - streamlining modes operation approval processes, TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 44 monitoring quantity, quality impact inflows promoting host country attractive location. follow- Africa Connect Initiative, special attention institutional strengthening IPAs Africa investment promotion efforts African region. 163. Features. STAMP advisory services training packages related : () setting investment promotion agency scratch clarifying identity, role powers existing institutions; (ii) establishing effective '-Stop' Agencies; (iii) procedures practices employed encouraging evaluating foreign investment inflows; (iv) development information system capability effectively register/record inflows assess impact employment, taxation, balance payments, training technological development, linkages; () setting information systems, organizing promotional visits promotional material (including brochures) arranging investment tables. 164. Output/results. reporting period, components STAMP programme implemented countries: Albania, Bangladesh, Gambia Uganda, West Bank Gaza Strip. , UNCTAD involved number regional interregional initiatives World Association Investment Promotion Agencies (WAIPA). cases exemplify programme implemented: 9 Albania. Assistance Government Albania continuing institutional support Albanian Centre Foreign Investment Promotion (ACFIP) including training study tours. project proposal prepared extend assistance Albanian Government promoting foreign trade investment. 9 World Association Investment Promotion Agencies (WAIPA). continuing support WAIPA, UNCTAD hosted Annual WAIPA Conference Geneva September 1997. Conference place parallel , interacted , Expert Meeting Investment Promotion. participants numbered 200 included representatives investment promotion agencies (IPAs) 80 countries world, transnational corporations, multilateral organizations international experts. primary activities Conference () plan future WAIPA activities; () discuss worldwide trends foreign direct investment; () exchange experiences practices investment promotion, investment incentives targeting; () interact representatives transnational corporations, locational decisions investors. context WAIPA initiative, publications prepared UNCTAD: () annual WAIPA Report; (ii) 1997 World Directory Investment Promotion Agencies; (iii) Pro-Invest news bulletin: newsletter investment promotion agencies. 9 year 1997, UNCTAD continued act temporary secretariat WAIPA. Initiatives undertaken, including approaching donor governments introducing membership fee, order secretariat independent 1998. TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 45 . COMSAT: Commercialization Science Technology 165. Development context. Research development science technology play key role determining firm' competitiveness commercial life products services. transitional economies possess considerable scientific technological capacity , cases , developed commercialized. , process securing financing & purposes, protecting intellectual property results research, effectively linking & activities industry proven difficult market-oriented environment. Equally difficult process licensing technology forming joint venture arrangements foreign partners. 166. Objectives. assist transitional economies ( developing countries) strengthening existing scientific technological structures institutions, assist marketing related products services internationally. 167. Features. COMSAT focuses activities: prioritization areas science technology-related products services comparative international advantage, training private sector managers government officials, establishment international linkages, commercialization domestically-developed technology, development marketing skills strategies, encouragement & linkages. 168. Output/results. reporting period, components COMSAT programme implemented UNDP-financed project Belarus, completed 1997. . STIPs: Science, Technology Innovation Policies 169. Development context. purpose science, technology innovation policy reviews enable developing countries evaluate efficiency scientific technological, industrial, economic, educational social institutions mechanisms contribute development - technological development - enterprises. enriching knowledge policies designed applied, reviews countries improve policies, time opening opportunities greater international cooperation. 170. Objectives. STIP reviews intended facilitate effective integration science technology policies development planning , inter alia, establishing constructive dialogue agencies responsible technology, investment, agriculture, trade, education related issues view building strengthening local technological capabilities resources. examining issues, STIP reviews aim enhancing policy making capability Governments respect innovation strengthening technological infrastructure. TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 46 171. Features. STIP reviews encompass : invitation responsible authorities, UNCTAD secretariat carries programming mission participating country jointly, local authorities, designs content guidelines country' background report. completion background report national authorities, small team international experts, chosen participating country, carries independent evaluation country' STI conditions policies. Subsequently, international review teams prepare evaluation report, secretariat acting rapporteur, assessment STI system country suggesting policy options. Finally, -table meeting held country international experts, secretariat key local players science, technology innovation system, discuss preliminary findings, policy options recommendations 172. Output/results. reporting period, STIP reviews Colombia Jamaica finalized. relation Jamaican review, cooperation WIPO initiated protect property rights music sector. November 1997, STIP review Ethiopia launched. requests received Costa Rica, Romania United Republic Tanzania. implementation subject availability financial resources. 3. Enterprise Development . EMPRETEC: Entrepreneurship SME Development 173. Development context. Increasing number entrepreneurs developing countries provide impetus vigorous developmental process, generates dynamic business environment multitude employment opportunities. cases, , market imperfections work small medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), inhibiting emergence entrepreneurs growth SMEs. 174. Objectives. EDB programmes promote entrepreneurship SME development public-private sector dialogue, rationalization support services, networking, clustering training. programme aims stimulating employment- creation investment, technology transfer exports development indigenous entrepreneurs innovative SMEs. 175. Features outputs. () Entrepreneurship development: EMPRETEC. EMPRETEC programme focuses selection promising entrepreneurs, entrepreneurship training workshops, assistance enterprise creation, provision business support, establishment entrepreneurs' network. coalition public officials, entrepreneurs, corporate managers, bankers executives transnational corporations facilitates access SMEs skills, technology, opportunities, training information realize objectives, expand activities establish productive, stable linkages foreign companies. programme aims -sustainable UNCTAD' TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 47 typical -year involvement. EMPRETEC’ inception 1988, programme operational Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ghana, Nigeria, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela Zimbabwe, assisting 10,000 entrepreneurs 24 market-driven local Empretec National Centres. outputs achieved 1997: 9 Egypt. EMPRETEC project Egypt formulated consultation Government Egypt. agreement UNDP Egypt’ Social Fund Development provide funding 18 months - year programme signed. 9 Morocco. Initial activities EMPRETEC Morocco undertaken cooperation DESA, including mission ensure closer linkages EMPRETEC Morocco EMPRETEC programmes. private-public sector Foundation set oversee project. Funding Belgian cooperation secured 12 months. 9 Namibia. project based EMPRETEC model formulated Enterprise Namibia framework Enterprise Africa, UNDP initiative implemented cooperation UNCTAD international organizations. UNDP provide seed funding, seek additional funds bilateral donors. 9 Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe additional 150 entrepreneurs trained. , Endowment Fund created support Reserve Bank, private banking sector, UNDP, USAID, DANIDA’ Private Sector Programme. Fund guarantee financial -sustainability project set precedent EMPRETEC projects. EMPRETEC Zimbabwe Foundation established 1997 time UNCTAD transferred executing responsibility project Foundation, ensuring organizational sustainability project. 9 Mediterranean. capacity-building, integrated programme foster growth competitiveness SMEs 10 countries region formulated. Funding -year programme consideration Italian Government. 9 Latin America Caribbean. Central America. EMPRETEC programme Central America formulated consultation SICA (Sistema de Integracion Centroamericana) leading SME organizations region. Spanish Agency International Cooperation (AECI) funding initial workshops Guatemala, national EMPRETEC projects El Salvador Nicaragua bilateral funds. Workshops 'Management Change'. addition, series training workshops 'Management Change' assist SMEs succeed increasingly competitive markets held Barcelona 100 EMPRETECOS entrepreneurs Latin America. AECI agreed TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 48 assist follow- workshops training activities conducted facilities Agency Bolivia, Colombia Guatemala. Caribbean. EMPRETEC Guyana project formulated UNDP funding negotiated. project initial activity EMPRETEC Caribbean regional project (including Trinidad & Tobago, OECS countries) negotiated CARICOM UNDP/RBLAC. 9 Centres Innovation Enterprise Development (CIEDs). Building experience EMPRETEC national projects response changing demands, UNCTAD developed EMPRETEC introducing innovation focus integrating programme sector-specific activities needed SMEs succeed increasingly liberalized eco- conscious markets. innovation thrust activities structured Centre Innovation Enterprise Development - CIED, feature EMPRETEC projects, established separate entities partnership EMPRETEC projects. financial support IDRC (Canada), CIED project launched CIED Expert meeting diagnostic tools initial training, held Geneva 10 20 November 1997, develop diagnostic tools common characteristics application CIED countries. workshop attended total CIED team members drawn ôte *Ivoire, Ghana, United Republic Tanzania Zimbabwe. workshop CIED Toolkit developed. 9 EMPRETEC Panel. EMPRETEC Panel successful EMPRETECOS organized session Commission Enterprise, Business Facilitation Development (20-24 January 1997). EMPRETECOS testified important impact EMPRETEC programme businesses. 9 EMPRETEC Directors’ Meeting. Meeting EMPRETEC Directors, Heads EMPRETEC Associations, leading EMPRETECOS place 6-12 November 1997 Geneva/Lyons purpose exchanging information practices EMPRETEC national projects SME support programmes. Meeting assessed 10 years EMPRETEC, identified series activities multiply impact programme enterprise sector decade. . SME Development Programmes 176. 9 Enhancing participation women entrepreneurs LDC economies. project assesses reports impact successfully implemented policies promoting women’ entrepreneurship, identifies measures adopted international conferences implemented place women remain entrepreneurs formal sector. Ten LDCs selected project: Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Ethiopia, Gambia, Haiti, Madagascar, Nepal, United Republic Tanzania, Vanuatu Zambia. 9 Growing small micro enterprises LDCs. project intended contribute development national production capacity means TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 49 stimulating "missing middle" enterprise sector proposing practical policies measures promote growth small micro-enterprises increase linkages formal sector. project includes Burkina Faso, Nepal, Samoa Zambia. 9 Restructuring Indigenous Business Advisory Service. project assist Gambia’ effort restructuring IBAS transform autonomous institution. 9 Promotion competitive innovative SMEs Somalia. project organizing workshop 1998 held Dubai discuss selected issues crucial successful participation Somali business persons traders international trade, examine technical assistance activities strengthen promote private sector development, including participation trade, Somalia. 9 Networking trade direct investment commodities products. project brings Asian African entrepreneurs series workshops Asia Africa explore business links. -day Asian-African trade investment networking workshop held Harare November 1997 participation 60 African entrepreneurs 12 -Saharan countries 6 business persons Indonesia, Malaysia Thailand. 9 Transfer diffusion publicly funded & environmentally sound technologies (ESTs). collaboration DESA UNDP project identifies ESTs public domain, sets networks data banks assistance developing countries obtaining ESTs. attention paid mechanisms support transfer ESTs SMEs. . Accounting Reform Retraining 177. Development context. Accurate understandable financial information enable Governments investors users financial information financial decisions. Reliable financial information sine qua increasing foreign direct investment, stable stock exchanges sound banking systems. order attract foreign investors partners, enterprises instil confidence reliable financial statements. 178. Objectives. programme’ aim assist Governments enterprises formulate implement accounting auditing laws standards, relevant regulations internationally accepted accounting principles. 179. Features. Technical assistance projects developed years conjunction UNCTAD’ Intergovernmental Working Group Experts International Standards Accounting Reporting (ISAR). UNCTAD programme adapts international standards developing countries countries transition difficulties interpretation implementation. TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 50 180. Output/results. 9 Azerbaijan. Model accounting legislation worked Ministry Finance 1996 funding UNDP. create enabling environment passage legislation, UNCTAD training 400 auditors 1997-1998 understand international accounting principles standards draft legislation. training funded EU Tacis. TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 51 ) TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 52 ) TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 53 ) TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 54 ) TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 55 . Division Services Infrastructure Development Trade Efficiency 1. Trade Infrastructure . Transport () Advance Cargo Information System (ACIS) 181. Development context. major factors hindering economic development developing countries high cost transportation resulting extended door--door transit times. combination physical - physical constraints account situation. assist countries overcome problem, UNCTAD developed installing transport management tool called ACIS. 182. objectives ACIS : 9 provide information progress consignments market pressures applied identify cure delays problems; 9 reduce costs shippers, enhancing trade competitiveness; 9 foster subregional integration partnership transport clients; 9 change transportation culture promoting business partnerships involved cargo transit transferring technology. 183. Features. components ACIS designed track cargo rail, ports, rivers roads, RailTracker LakeTracker attained level performance enabling installed relevant network, PortTracker development. Backbone Information System development commissioning 1998. 184. Output/results/impact. RailTracker system fully operational 15 African networks Bangladesh Railways. Eastern Africa connects networks Kenya, United Republic Tanzania, Uganda Zambia. independent assessment report, commissioned donor (European Union), reported RailTracker running high level satisfaction. specifically, wagon turnaround cases brought 50 15 days, transit time entry port landlocked destination reported reduced 25 5 days, control locomotive wagon fleets increased availability considerably, higher charges foreign wagons network (TAZARA) fell $1,8 million/month . savings reported, $20,000 month Kenya Railways abandoning leasing obsolete computer equipment. Finally, trend emerging shows rail traffic starting slowly recuperate traffic lost roads, shippers confident access ACIS RailTracker Internet whereabouts cargo moment. , Eastern African Railways ACIS tool confirms ability railways handle freight business, speed transport times, reduce theft, .. improve quality service general, enable talk port operators organize fast exchanges goods interfaces. TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 56 (ii) Ports, shipping training Rehabilitation Somali Ports Management 185. Objective. area activity objective facilitate functioning country' economy trade rehabilitation effective functioning ports, : 9 establish secure, efficient financially viable port authorities; 9 support long-term rehabilitation port facilities equipment, including contributions fund-raising activities; 9 set human resources development plan; 9 advise UNDP donors umbrella Somali Aid Coordinating Body port transport matters; 9 rehabilitate buildings Bari regional administration. 186. Features/output/results. rehabilitation programme Somali ports funded UNDP European Union continued concentrated Bosasso Berbera focus advisory training activities. addition -- job training, formal training staff established port training centres. Managers Berbera undertook study tour Indian ports handling dhows Madras Port Trust training facilities. Bosasso, rehabilitation construction administrative buildings facilities needed deal spectacular increase local population. programme activities ports contributed normal functioning essential economic development. Assisting Thai private sector participation maritime related services 187. Development context. large number developing countries presently undertaking activities open maritime markets transfer ownership maritime assets public private sector, basis governmental policies provide companies tools compete effectively liberalized markets. 188. Objectives features. project, implemented Thailand pilot basis, comprehensively assesses national maritime transport policies practices aim improving sector competitiveness ultimately promoting imports/exports regional international markets liberalized trading environment. , project policy proposals aimed strengthening framework private sector participation maritime field management training local operators. 189. Output/results. project Thai Government number proposals action improve framework private sector participation maritime transport. proposals discussed approved occasion national maritime sector meeting attended 170 participants private public sector institutions. addition, training courses 100 managers conducted 1997 strategic planning introduction quality management. 190. Project activities commence Asian countries. provide major tools implementing Action Plan Infrastructure TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 57 Development Asia Pacific ( Delhi Ministerial Conference), identified activities project priority efforts develop efficient maritime transport related services. Training: Strategic planning senior shipping managers (STRATSHIP) - -job training shipping ports (JOBMAR) 191. Development context. vital aspect development ability trade competitively world economy. Efficient maritime transport services prerequisite reach overseas markets, incidence freight insurance costs high developing countries’ exports decisive factor determining marketability developing countries’ goods. 192. Objectives. global shipping industry characterized rapid technology change, consolidation companies, large capital investments, high risk critical demand -trained management. goals Stratship Jobmar improve performance shipping management human resource development. 193. Features. Stratship workshops generally working days based mixture presentations, case studies computer-based management game. main purpose computer simulation reinforce concepts developed workshop, create actual decision-making experiences upgrade management skills competitive environment. 194. JOBMAR emphasizes "hands-" approach acquiring management skills. Experience, simulated traditional training methods, gained effectively dealing business situations actual commercial pressures progress measured practical results. 195. Output/results. date 40 Stratship workshops delivered ( held 1997), 800 participant national counterparts trained. Evaluations participants continue positive. Specific comments emphasize usefulness training strategic planning activities, increasing competitiveness improving company performance. 196. demand JOBMAR placements exceeds posts existing resources. , inception, 50 managers participated, 1997. Evaluations trainees host companies high level satisfaction mutual benefits cooperation extend training expanded commercial network relationships. . Trade Facilitation () ASYCUDA - Customs Modernization Reform 197. Development context. efficient effective customs administration essential welfare country. benefits national economy collecting revenue. assists Government implement national international policy. protects country combating fraud illegal trafficking prohibited restricted goods. statistical information foreign trade transactions essential economic planning TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 58 encourages international trade. , customs administrations countries fall short efficient effective. 198. Objectives. ASYCUDA programme directed reforming customs clearance process. aims speeding customs clearance introduction computerization simplification procedures minimizing administrative costs business community economies countries. aims increasing customs revenue, major contributor national budgets countries, ensuring goods declared, duty/tax calculations correct duty/exemptions, preference regimes, . correctly applied managed. , aims producing reliable timely trade fiscal statistics assist economic planning process -product customs clearance process. important objective ASYCUDA projects implement systems efficiently full transfer - national customs administrations lowest cost countries donors. Projects introduce international standards, including UN/EDIFACT, active cooperation steadily growing number ASYCUDA user countries increases mutual benefits. 199. Features. ASYCUDA computerized customs management system covers foreign trade procedures. system handles manifests customs declarations, accounting procedures, warehousing manifest suspense procedures. generates detailed information foreign trade transactions economic analysis planning. Steps prepare software include transit procedures. 200. ASYCUDA software operates types hardware client/server environment. Transaction control data stored relational data base management system. takes account international codes standards relevant customs processing established ISO, WCO (World Customs Organization) United Nations. ASYCUDA configured suit national characteristics individual customs regimes, national tariffs, customs regulations legislation, initial configuration remains fully flexible adapt changing customs regimes, regulations legislation, required. electronic data interchange traders customs administrations UN/EDIFACT rules. 201. ASYCUDA implementation strategy developed respond challenge represented complex reform programme. aims ensure full transfer - order national long-term sustainability. time requires strong national commitment levels continuous progress evaluation. Project activities carried phases: (1) preparation phase proceeds assessment actual situation. national team, international advisers, identify areas requiring reform, introduction international codes, streamlining simplification clearance procedures, alignment forms international standards, modernization national customs law conform Kyoto Convention. reforms achieved introduced early project, established legislation time implement. phase, technical TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 59 functional ASYCUDA implementation courses delivered build national implementation team prepare psychological foundation develop sense ownership system. (2) pilot implementation phase includes preparation national ASYCUDA configuration, .. coding tariff related regulations legislation, data entry control tables (declarant codes addresses, customs office codes, .), preparation valuation selectivity systems. Computers pilot offices ( headquarters, airport, sea port, land boundary inland clearance office) installed tested confirm configuration system fully meets requirements national regulations. reform activities initiated phase continued . work plan implementation system country (phase 3) elaborated, estimate resources required. large ASYCUDA familiarization training programme customs staff trade users delivered phase. (3) roll- phase potentially implemented national team assistance international experts transfer skills - successfully completed phases. phase logistic challenge intellectual problem: requires physical preparation sites computerized, large amount training based model training courses phase , technical installation support computer systems identified sites. configuration customs software simply copied pilot sites. phases minimum duration 18 months succeed strong political commitment support highest levels, full time availability competent motivated multiskilled national team customs technical staff. 202. Output/results/impact. impact ASYCUDA projects easily assessed increase customs revenues, availability reliable trade statistics reduction average clearance time. countries results impressive, resistance -depth reforms customs system implementation programme requires. 203. Romania ASYCUDA project installed 95 locations nationwide covers 90 cent trade. increase availability statistics greatly benefited fiscal analysis. Yugoslav Republic Macedonia Romania, systems integrated national computer network control moving cargoes introduced manifest module. 204. 32 active projects expenditures exceeding $6 million 1997, ASYCUDA single largest technical cooperation programme UNCTAD. , 70 countries worldwide adopted ASYCUDA programme, 60 utilizing regular basis. 1997, projects signed, Jordan, Baltic States Sri Lanka, upgrade latest version ASYCUDA. main features development activities Programme search partnership agreements consolidation existence private sector companies. TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 60 (ii) Multimodal Transport Trade Facilitation 205. Development context. International trade requires efficient door--door logistics chains, simple trade formalities, procedures operations. essential improve quality international transport logistics, adapt commercial practices international standards remove unnecessary trade barriers. efficient operation transport modes interface facilities precondition effective improvement international trade transport operations. 206. objectives UNCTAD’ activities areas focus improving physical features ( "hardware") transport network, improve performance transport operators auxiliary services, change commercial behaviour users, introduce innovative relations public institutions transport providers users ( "software") international trade transport. additional objective eliminate outdated procedures, multiple, -standardized documents, result additional transaction costs unnecessary delays. 207. Output/results/impact. Pursuant General Assembly resolution 49/102 19 December 1994, requested UNCTAD elaborate programme improving efficiency transit transport operations newly independent, land-locked States Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan Uzbekistan) transit neighbours, UNCTAD continued work UNDP-financed project relevant United Nations bodies international organizations. development Central Asian countries’ transit transport recognized vital economic recovery growth, improvement transit transport links world markets considered major strategic objective. 208. September 1997 series workshops organized Central Asian countries, draft regional Transit Transport Framework Agreement (TTFA), designed provide solid regulatory foundation efficient transit operations Central Asia, stock positions countries provisions draft elaborated UNCTAD secretariat. consolidated draft TTFA subsequently prepared presented Negotiating Conference TTFA convened 17 21 November 1997 Asghabad (Turkmenistan). Conference agreed finalize draft TTFA present signature Conference participation interested countries. 209. TTFA promote transit transport facilitation region : () coordinating region-wide transit transport policy; () facilitating transit transport coordination regional transport networks; () harmonizing technical standards regional transport networks; () adopting basic rules governing transit transport operations; () introducing simplified harmonized customs procedures order transit goods travel minimum interference en route offer maximum safeguards; () setting effective institutional support arrangement transit. TTFA reinforced Protocols provide operational underpinning. Protocols integral part TTFA. TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 61 210. action Memorandum Understanding (MOU) signed November 1996 Montevideo (Uruguay) Latin American Integration Association (Asociació Latino Americana de Integració) (ALADI) UNCTAD promotion trade transport facilitation Latin American countries place November 1997, request Bolivian Government. seminar trade transport facilitation subsequently organized Bolivia. triggered organization additional seminars Cochabamba Santa Cruz, umbrella local Chambers Commerce. 211. 1997, "Comité de Liaison Europe-Afrique-Caraïbes-Pacifique pour la promotion des fruits tropicaux, égumes de contre-saison, fleurs, plantes ornementales épices" (COLEACP) UNCTAD signed Memorandum Understanding technical assistance areas logistics training. UNCTAD participated missions: review economics logistics bobby beans exports (Ethiopia, June 1997), suggest improvements management air-freight issues bobby beans exported Dakar Port Saint Louis (Senegal, July 1997). 212. , 1997, meetings held Cairo, Egypt, Arab League, Sana’, Yemen, UNCTAD, inter alia presented Growth Package. 2. Business Facilitation Banking Insurance Development competitive insurance markets 213. Development context. establishment stable efficient financial services sector essential development growth economies developing countries. Insurance constitutes major elements financial services sector. protection function institutional investor role fundamental sustained development developing countries. Today, introduction market economy principles liberalization ( financial services) oblige Governments developing countries establish effective regulatory supervisory systems. 214. Objectives. objective UNCTAD area establish efficient functioning insurance markets developing countries. number activities aimed increasing expertise professionalism personnel insurance supervisory bodies, promoting cooperation supervisory authorities, enhancing skills competences insurance industry. 215. Description activities 1997. Training seminars staff insurance supervisory authorities organized subject "Monitoring financial solvency insurance enterprises", Abidjan, March 1997 ( 33 representatives 13 African countries participated), Anguilla October 1997 ( 24 representatives 13 Caribbean countries participated). training seminar "Monitoring financial solvency insurance enterprises", organized Harare, November 1997 ( 34 representatives 16 African countries participated). UNCTAD contributed substantially number meetings Conference Group - TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 62 shore Insurance Supervisors, meetings Caribbean Association Insurance Regulators Association Caribbean Insurers, held Barbados June 1997. participated Conference African Insurance Organization Cairo 1997 ( dealt agricultural insurance, export credit insurance insurance supervision). addition, organized, cooperation AIO, meeting Insurance Companies Management, Johannesburg December 1997. 216. Output/results/impact. evaluation training programme African supervisory authorities conducted 1997. showed project contributed significantly improvement expertise personnel supervisory authorities increase cooperation African supervisory bodies. project, objectives set initially, contributed bring substantial insurance market regulatory frameworks countries: 20 countries responded evaluation questionnaire 13 countries mentioned , participation UNCTAD programme, important insurance market regulatory supervisory frameworks. Technical Assistance Palestinian Authority establish Financial Regulatory Authority Insurance Sector 217. Technical assistance Palestinian Authority implement actions recommended report initial fact-finding mission (organized April 1996). mission assessed Palestinian Authority establish insurance regulatory authority ( responsibility Israel supervision insurance sector), set fund victims road accident motorists uninsured. 218. Palestinian Insurance Regulator recommended UNCTAD continue assist implementation actions required establish insurance regulatory authority -mentioned fund road accident victims. mission undertaken November 1997. mission worked implementation recommendation 1996 replace existing tax insurance premiums source finance Road Accident Victims Compensation Fund small increase road fuel tax. issues dealt (including related reinsurance catastrophic losses), Palestinian Authority requested continued assistance UNCTAD purpose. mission cooperation Palestinian Authority developed project introduce training courses tests competence insurance intermediaries. 219. addition, assistance insurance regulator’ office ascertain solvency insurers Palestinian market. assistance requested Palestinian authority implement control measures assist obtaining detailed accurate information insurers. mission scheduled 1998 continue work designed provide practical assistance improve solvency security Palestinian insurance sector. TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 63 3. Services Development . Financial Services 220. Development context. Micro-credit proved efficient sustainable tool combat poverty. Micro-credit Summit, held Washington, .. February 1997, successful increasing awareness success micro-finance tool alleviate poverty large scale. pledged mobilize $20 billion reach 100 million poor people year 2005, $12 billion public sector $8 billion private markets. effort, Consultative Group Assist Poorest (CGAP) focuses channelling public funds sector dissemination " practices" MFIs governments. 221. liaison initiatives, UNCTAD focuses channelling private funds micro-enterprise sector. 1996, "Banque Internationale à Luxembourg" (BIL) decided create Fund aims investing short-term debt instruments issued MFIs developing countries. Fund managed world’ largest asset management companies, Axa Investment Managers. -year period, Fund invest $100 million micro-banks developing world. 222. objective increase amount reduce cost credit people living poverty opening international financial markets micro-banks operating developing world. sought enable micro-banks developing countries meet private international investors view mobilizing resources greater quantity price , offering, , possibility diversifying profitable fast growing market positive impact development. 223. BIL Micro-credit Fund instrument designed channel private funds massive scale micro-enterprise sector. demonstrate practice profit contributing social development. 224. Output/results/impact. main difficulties overcome: (1) finding reliable investees, .. micro-banks mobilize funds market conditions, (2) defining target country simple secure ways invest unlisted companies discover legislation (foreign investment tax aspects) applicable. 225. UNCTAD established contact micro-banks, Latin America Asia. Meetings organized officials BIL Axa explained criteria investment. database developed, showing detailed financial information micro-banks mobilize commercial resources. Detailed financial profiles 100 micro-banks ( Latin America). Contact data 400. foreseen shortly consult update data Internet. database includes legal tax data relating 20 countries selected priority targets BIL Fund. 226. Studies undertaken define efficient investment process. attention devoted investigating possibility NGOs issue TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 64 debt titles considered valid investment instruments Fund. possibility establishing secondary market titles issued micro-banks explored. 227. banks financial institutions showed interest participating BIL initiative launching investment Funds targeting micro-banks. increasing recognition private financial sector investment potential lies market financial services poor main contributions programme. UNCTAD Commission meeting December 1997 Geneva, representative world’ largest asset management company micro-banks " valid profitable class assets". . Human Resources Development 228. Development context. Trade goods requires services, notably transport services, readily , offering efficiency diversity. terms foreign trade potential grow depend existence nature services, depend people - skills, knowledge attitudes operating environment. 229. primary objective provide reinforce -country capacity training human resource development regard managing international transport, training sector identified satisfied comprehensively local resources TCDC arrangements. secondary objective provide training materials arrange training responds problems policy issues amenable local solution. development objective cases countries enhance conditions trade opportunities trade efficient diversified services. 230. Features. UNCTAD - documented training methodology adapted international transport sector, result instructional techniques, curriculum development, management training HRD conducted locally high professional standards. UNCTAD created system cooperation, based regional networking, enables training centres institutes cooperate preparation conduct training, exchanging experiences strategic development. Interested training centres join regional networks global TRAINMAR network; UNCTAD maintains Central Support Team assist network centres developing implementing strategies, maintaining standards, obtaining external support . 231. Output/results/impact. 50 training centres institutes cooperate global TRAINMAR network. cooperate regional networks, run national networks . capacity train 10,000 persons year. Training developed centres UNCTAD covers port management, shipping, legal issues, multimodal transport general management. courses exchanged centres enhanced preparation long-term career training modular form focus management (1) ports (2) transport logistics. TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 65 232. effects training notoriously difficult measure, training takes place parallel improvements infrastructure, technology, commercial social systems. Evaluations conducted show training offered TRAINMAR centres reaches high standards tackles local issues effectively; comparable system programme considered high utility participating countries. training conducted authority local institutes, precise performance statistics , case, UNCTAD, project funds channelled UNCTAD represent investment TRAINMAR, undertaken countries funds channelled . 1997 TRAINMAR projects executed UNCTAD, funds disbursed amounted $328,506 excluding overheads. 4. Global Trade Point Network (GTPNet) (Web site address: http://www.unicc.org/untpdc) 233. Development context. Trade Point Programme operational component Trade Efficiency initiative. Trade Points interconnected GTPNet, global, Internet-based trade-related network, launched Symposium Trade Efficiency (UNISTE) 1994 major tool integration developing countries SMEs worldwide global economy. 234. occasion UNCTAD IX, member countries confirmed UNCTAD' primary role sector assist developing countries countries transition generating trade-supporting services adapted special requirements, focus services addressing small medium-sized enterprises. secretariat requested consolidate GTPNet. 235. main objectives enhance participation developing countries economies transition international trade, special emphasis SMEs LDCs; reduce transaction costs promote trade practices; access traders trade-related information global networks; promote international EDI standards UN-EDIFACT. 236. Features. UNCTAD IX, Trade Point Programme entered phase existence. consists building results achieved phases upgrade GTPNet pre-transactional trade network transactional tool, actual payments contracts signed. phase continued 1997. 237. Strong inter-institutional cooperation UN/ECE, ITC UNCTAD continued 1997. , ITC carried missions Trade Points participated regional Trade Point meetings held Latin America. Mexico meeting (November 1997), ITC gave -day seminar trade information Trade Points. 238. 1997, Trade Points continued exchange experiences cooperate order improve Network. Trade Point directors assisted Trade Points ( set- phase), , inter alia, advisory missions Trade Points. regional meetings, seminars, workshops conferences held: TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 66 Feasibility stage: UNCTAD received official request the2 Government, Trade Point coordinator appointed. Development stage: Trade Point recognized legal entity in3 country, business plan submitted UNCTAD. Operational: Trade Point started offer services clients,4 SMEs. 9 Western Africa. Regional Forum Western African Trade Points established Dakar (Senegal) July 1997; 9 Eastern Southern Africa. regional meeting Eastern Southern African Trade Points held Harare, (Zimbabwe) July 1997. meeting, interim committee comprising countries set order prepare creation Forum Eastern Southern African Trade Points; 9 Latin America. meeting 17 MERCOSUR country Trade Points held Cordoba (Argentina) March 1997; Brazilian Trade Point meeting held Salvador (Brazil) September 1997; Colombian Trade Point meeting held Bucaramanga (Colombia) October 1997; annual meeting Inter-American Trade Point Forum held Mexico City November 1997. 239. GTPNet technical cooperation projects continued 1997, "Establishment Global Trade Point Network Backbone Connection", completed. project "Increasing participation Romanian SMEs international trade establishment Trade Point Bucarest" launched 1997. 9 Electronic Trading Opportunities (ETOs) continued disseminated increased number subscribers. ETOs offers demands products, services, investment, joint ventures, . collected Trade Points -party information providers distributed central - mail switch Internet newsgroups subscribers worldwide. , 1,000 ETOs disseminated week approximately 10,000 subscribers. 9 Web incubator continued grow countries, LDCs, access Internet slow costly. cases, GTPNet free service 'incubate' Internet sites Trade Points: Web pages created maintained free charge UNCTAD. 240. UNCTAD Trade Point Development Centre continued work moving Trade Points pre-transactional transactional stage. pilot secure intranet link - Secure Electronic Authenticated Link (SEAL) - established Australia, United States China. SEAL, GTPNet ensure certified traders access electronic trading facilities network. future, Trade Points act certifying entities SEAL infrastructure. 241. Output/results/impact. January 1998, 117 countries involved GTPNet, 21 LDCs. 82 Trade Points feasibility stage, 12 development stage 44 operational stage.2 3 4 TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 67 http://www.lsoft./ltop/LTOP-199712.html#TOPBYDELIV.5 242. average 200 Electronic Trading Opportunities (ETOs) disseminated daily 10,000 subscribers. estimated , day, ETOs reach 7 million companies world. December 1997, ETO listserver Internet ranked top 20 sites number messages delivered daily ( rated -soft International, .). survey carried ETO users in5 1997. showed 86 cent ETO users receive responses ETOs 27 cent conclude business deals basis ETOs. transactions 50 cent cases < $10,000; , 10 cent cases > $1,000,000. Trade Points ETO system main source information trade-matching services offered clients. 243. content UNCTAD TPDC Web site continued grow substantially 1997 (http://www.unicc.org/untpdc). Mirror sites continued operational, giving GTPNet large Internet presence cost. , Web traffic continued increase exponentially. estimated , 1997, combined UNTPDC sites world accounted approximately 5 million hits day. 244. Western Africa, regional forum Trade Points created (July 1997). forum part initiative launched creation Inter- American Trade Point Forum November 1996, represents step creation institutional body governing GTPNet. 245. Trade Point survey carried operational Trade Points. Major findings GTPNet successful introducing advanced information technologies developing countries, host 81 cent operational Trade Points; programme reached target group, SMEs; involvement private sector significant. 246. "Trade Point Review" published September 1997. document presents results Trade Point survey, detailed information Trade Point activities region, maps mirror sites Trade Point locations, status report GTPNet, Trade Point strategy priorities coming years. 5. TRAINFORTRADE 247. Development context. shifts place world commercial environment acute active participation country multilateral framework international trade presented challenges developing transitional economies 1997. circumstances, approach human resources development counts strategic steps national subregional levels order meet requirements skills, knowledge attitudes. 1997, activities carried framework TRAINFORTRADE Programme mirrored recommendations ninth session UNCTAD held Midrand, 1996, relative enhancement capacity interested developing countries economies transition trade efficiently. TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 68 248. Objectives. accordance mission, TRAINFORTRADE Programme aims strengthening training capacities developing countries transitional economies field international trade related services. main objectives accomplished 1997 : () expansion network institutions collaborating partnership basis TRAINFORTRADE Programme; (ii) setting- core training competencies target country subregion, initiate continue local programmes development human resources involved international trade; (iii) development pool training packages network member institutions, view meeting specific national subregional . 249. Features/output/results. activities TRAINFORTRADE Programme focused developing countries Arab African regions, transitional economies Eastern Europe, specifically Romania. systematic view activities enables pinpointed: 9 Training developers. order ensure methodological compatibility training institutions assigned develop, adapt update training packages, TRAINFORTRADE Programme organized workshop development February 1997, United Nations College Torino (Italy). training event attended participants Benin, ôte ’Ivoire, Morocco, Romania, Senegal Tunisia. August 1997, workshop development organized Bucharest, Romanian specialists. 9 Training leaders. local implementation training programmes relies leaders subject-matter specialists charge delivery specific training packages. April 1997, Geneva, training trainers workshop "International Commercial Diplomacy Policy" organized French-speaking countries. participants workshop West Africa (Burkina Faso Senegal), Maghreb countries (Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia), Romania. 9 Joint workshops. Building training capacities developed Tunisia, TRAINFORTRADE Programme UNCTAD organized 1997, jointly Ministry Commerce Faculty Law, Economics Political Sciences Sousse, workshop title "Les éveloppements écents des Accords de ’OMC leurs implications sur les stratégies de éveloppement du commerce de la Tunisie". workshop held December year, Sousse. 9 Development adaptation TRAINFORTRADE courses. Great importance attached pool training packages. French- English-speaking countries cooperate TRAINFORTRADE network account. addition, set training packages drawn Romanian developers. actions initiated respect : quarter 1997, French version " Multilateral Framework International Trade" developed subsequently validated training trainers workshop held Geneva April 1997; TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 69 year, modules regional integration topics modules negotiation techniques added English version , view preparing version training trainers workshop January 1998; starting June 1997, set 12 training packages targeting macro micro levels active field international trade related services developed Project TRAINFORTRADE, Romania, implementation courses 1998. 9 Network expansion. TRAINFORTRADE network training institutions continued expand, owing members developing countries economies transition, interested joining developing partnership relationships human resources training. Institutions typifying members Bahrain Institute Banking Finance University Bahrain (Bahrain); Polytechnic School Dubai Chamber Commerce Gulf Institute International Law (United Arab Emirates); Jordan Export Development & Commercial Centres Corporation (Jordan); Institut érieur de Comptabilité ’Administration des Entreprises (Morocco). TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 70 ) TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 71 ) TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 72 ) TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 73 ) TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 74 ) TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 75 ) TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 76 ) TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 77 ) TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 78 . Office Special Coordinator Developed, Landlocked Island Developing Countries 250. LDC issues including technical cooperation projects considered UNCTAD secretariat, Office Special Coordinator Developed, Landlocked Island Developing Countries responsible coordinating activities relating countries question. core function Office Special Coordinator comprises coordination sectoral work, monitoring implementation Paris Programme Action relevant Programmes Action, providing inputs review Trade Development Board progress implementation Paris Programme Action, promoting implementation specific actions related problems landlocked small island developing countries. Office responsible mobilizing resources , administering allocation , Trust Fund Developed Countries. addition, responsible implementation number technical assistance projects. Trust Fund Developed Countries 251. accordance recommendations UNCTAD IX developed countries constitute cross-cutting issue work UNCTAD, focus assigned UNCTAD' technical cooperation activities, Trust Fund LDCs established operational early 1997. objective Trust Fund facilitate start- activities favour LDCs enhance UNCTAD' technical cooperation activities support countries. Trust Fund attracted earmarked unearmarked contributions/pledges donors, including -traditional developing countries ( overview (TD//45/6-TD//WP/109), Part IV). 252. Features. focus technical assistance activities backstopped 1997 Office Special Coordinator Developed, Landlocked Island Developing Countries related implementation core projects Trust Fund LDCs financed unearmarked contributions elaboration UNCTAD-wide Integrated Country Programmes strengthening supply capacities tradeable goods services LDCs (ICPs). core project Trust Fund LDCs includes activities related follow- implementation measures favour LDCs adopted major global conferences. 253. regard specific problems landlocked developing countries, technical assistance Office focused substantive preparations consultative group meetings landlocked transit developing countries meeting governmental experts landlocked transit developing countries representatives donor countries financial development institutions. 254. activities projects backstopped Office carried combination field work research. 255. Output/results/impact. Activities undertaken 1997 core project Trust Fund LDCs include elaboration framework ICPs Bangladesh, Cambodia, Gambia Madagascar. Draft ICPs revised light assessment exercise trade-related technical assistance LDCs carried context WTO High-level Meeting Integrated Initiatives TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 79 Developed Countries' Trade Development, Integrated Framework Trade-related Technical Assistance, including Human Institutional Capacity Building, support LDCs Trade Trade-related Activities. , implementation activities identified ICPs referred initiated 1997, countries Gambia, consultancy advisory services formulation framework trade policy, investment policy investment code, restructuring Indigenous Business Advisory Services, Cambodia customs automation trade efficiency. 256. follow- activities implementation measures favour LDCs adopted major global conferences continued good progress areas fiscal financial sector reforms, Uruguay enhancement participation women entrepreneurs LDCs. components Financial Fiscal Sector Reforms Uruguay , activities consisting combination desk work country studies, involving country missions, carried . Country studies prepared Bhutan, Ethiopia, Gambia, Madagascar, Zambia. country studies undertaken part support implementation reforms, disseminated national authorities involved financial, fiscal trade policy formulation implementation. view ensuring essential complementarity technical cooperation analytical work, recommended UNCTAD IX, country studies preparation Developed Countries Annual Report. regard enhancement participation women entrepreneurs LDCs, country studies prepared national consultants Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Ethiopia, Gambia, Madagascar, Nepal, United Republic Tanzania, Vanuatu Zambia. country studies preparation synthesis report national seminars. 257. reference landlocked developing countries, Office Special Coordinator backstopped 1997 UNDP-financed project review developments transit transport system landlocked developing countries. activities undertaken related preparation studies review progress development transit systems formulation proposals future action Latin America, West Africa, Southern Africa East Africa. similar study prepared Bhutan, Lao People’ Democratic Republic Nepal, study development transit transport facilities services Rwanda' exports imports. studies constituted main inputs consultative group meetings landlocked transit developing countries contributed outcome Meeting Governmental Experts landlocked transit developing countries representatives donor countries financial development institutions, held June 1997 York. outcome Meeting related agreements priority areas action, resulted preparation specific projects programmes improve transit transport systems. Trust Fund project financed European Commission landlocked transit developing countries members ACP part meetings. TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 80 ) TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 81 . Executive Direction Management Support Services 258. technical cooperation activities undertaken centrally view inter-divisional nature. 1. Advisory Services 259. reported previous years, UNCTAD' technical cooperation supported project-specific funds sources, UNCTAD' sectoral support programme section 12 United Nations programme budget. 260. UNDP' sectoral support helps organizations UNCTAD field representation extend policy technical advice Governments, assists , UNDP resident representatives, developing programmes project proposals submission UNDP donors. funds flexibly short notice, extremely UNCTAD. Sectoral support funds drawn 1997 continue work series country policy reviews areas investment, science, technology innovation, trade efficiency LDC reforms. resources extend advice technical support trade policy issues issues related results Uruguay , Global Trade Point Network entrepreneurship development (EMPRETEC). , addition, demonstrate UNCTAD software ASYCUDA ACIS interested countries TRAINFORTRADE. sectoral support programme UNDP discontinued 1997. 261. section 12 United Nations programme budget, UNCTAD received 1996-1997 allotment equivalent 72 work-months, travel, consultants, fees individual fellowship funds, purpose participating interregional advisory services, funds participants seminars. 1997, 26 work-months . resources devoted main areas: () globalization development; (ii) international trade goods services commodities issues; (iii) investment, enterprise development technology; (iv) services infrastructure development trade efficiency. Advisers undertook 10 missions 1997. 2. Consultancy study 262. Finally, mention feasibility study undertaken 1996 establishment consultancy firm entrusted task developing selling computer software computerized systems. outcome consultancy discussed section IV document TD//45/6- TD//WP/109. TD//45/6/Add.1 TD//WP/109/Add.1 page 82 )