Global Assessment of Sex-Disaggregated ICT Employment Statistics - Data availability and challenges on measurement and compilation

UN CTA UNITED NATIONS GLOBAL ASSESSMENT OF SEX-DISAGGREGATED ICT EMPLOYMENT STATISTICS Data Availability Challenges Measurement Compilation UNCTAD Technical Notes ICT Development ˚4 UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT DIVISION ON TECHNOLOGY AND LOGISTICS SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND ICT BRANCH ICT ANALYSIS SECTION INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS TECHNICAL NOTE NO 4 UNEDITED TN/UNCTAD/ICT4D/04 DECEMBER 2015 Global Assessment Sex-Disaggregated ICT Employment Statistics Data availability challenges measurement compilation technical note prepared UNCTAD collaboration ILO contribution work Task Group Gender (TGG) Partnership Measuring ICT Development. assesses availability sex-disaggregated data ICT employment. note based study commissioned UNCTAD prepared Afsheen Ashraf, contributions guidance David Hunter ILO, Torbjörn Fredriksson, Scarlett Fondeur Diana Korka UNCTAD. Partnership Task Group Measuring ICT Gender (TGG) initiative improve availability quality gender-related ICT statistics, part activities Partnership Measuring ICT Development. TGG led UNCTAD ITU, members including ILO, ITU, Research ICT Africa, Web Foundation, UNCTAD, UIS, UNESCAP, UNESCWA, Women Global Science Technology. Financial contribution Government Sweden gratefully acknowledged project. 2 Abstract technical note aims assess availability sex-disaggregated data ICT employment. builds issues note prepared ILO 2014: "Issues development internationally harmonized measures employment related ICT". ICT employment indicators considered: employment ICT sector employment ICT specialist occupations. note collects data metadata labour force surveys (LFS) establishment surveys, covering aspects sex disaggregation, correspondence international classifications economic activity (ISIC Rev.4) occupations (ISCO-08), coverage surveys, sample sizes, levels disaggregation estimates reliable. note finds LFS source establishment surveys statistics ICT employment. larger share household surveys collect sex-disaggregated employment data; achieve coverage informal sector; large share establishment surveys cover selected sectors economic activity; establishment surveys collect data classified occupation. developed developing economies compile estimates ICT aggregates based current LFS. international level request national statistical offices compile ICT aggregates share data agency requesting . cases number females employed , feasible provide reliable estimate women' share working sector due sampling errors; tells story. ICT sector, data collection based existing definition ICT sector ( ISIC Rev.4). ICT specialist occupations internationally agreed- definition. , note finds data compiled ICT occupations aggregate majority economies LFS source. 3 1. Introduction technical note prepared part work measuring ICT gender Task Group Gender (TGG) Partnership Measuring ICT Development. Access , transparent, comparable comprehensive statistical information ICT gender important assessment ICT gender divides governments design, implement monitor ICT development policies initiatives. technical note focuses ICT employment statistics (disaggregated sex). prepared close consultation ILO Department Statistics UNCTAD’ ICT Analysis Section Division Technology Logistics. note prepared fulfil objectives: • assess availability data support compilation sex-disaggregated indicators employment ICT sector employment ICT specialist occupations, definitions discussed (ILO, 2014). • case employment ICT Sector, evaluate availability data establishment surveys disaggregated sex, extent data employment ICT sector compiled household labour force surveys. • case employment ICT specialist occupations, stock national data 2-, 3- 4-digit levels International Standard Classification Occupations (ISCO), websites national statistical offices held internally unit record files. cases data 4-digit level, compile estimates potential indicators, share women ICT occupations. analysis global data availability challenges measurement compilation sex-disaggregated statistics employment ICT sector ICT specialist occupations. 2. Conceptual framework ICT Employment concepts related ICT employment indicators discussed detail (ILO, 2014). purpose assessment global availability sex-disaggregated data, types ICT employment indicators considered note: ) employment ICT sector; ) employment ICT specialist occupations. . Employment ICT sector Employment ICT sector comprises jobs establishments produce ICT goods services (ILO, 2014). measure , limitations. include jobs require specialist skills production ICT goods services. , enterprises employ ICT specialists provide ICT services internally. includes jobs require ICT skills ( drivers cleaners), jobs clerical support administration require skills ICT users, ICT specialists (ILO, 2014). ICT sector defined formally alternative aggregation current version International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC Rev. 4). definition developed support OECD adopted Partnership Measuring ICT Development ‘ statistical basis measurement, internationally comparable , part economic activity generated production ICT goods services (UNCTAD, 2009).1 1 http://unstats..org/unsd/cr/registry/docs/i4_information_economy.pdf. 4 ICT economic activities (industries) defined principle: “ production (goods services) candidate industry primarily intended fulfill enable function information processing communication electronic means, including transmission display”.2 background, employment ICT sector identified ideally ISIC Rev. 4 4-digit level classification. classes ISIC grouped arrive employment ICT sector (table 1). minimum level classification needed identify ICT sector 2-digit level -sectors identifiable 3-digit level fully identified 4-digit level. identification ICT sector 2-digit 3-digit classification industries / estimate relative size. Table: 1. ICT sector alternative aggregation ISIC Rev.4 ISIC Rev.4 Code Title ICT manufacturing industries 2610 Manufacture electronic components boards 2620 Manufacture computers peripheral equipment 2630 Manufacture communication equipment 2640 Manufacture consumer electronics 2680 Manufacture magnetic optical media ICT trade industries 4651 Wholesale computers, computer peripheral equipment software 4652 Wholesale electronic telecommunications equipment parts ICT services industries 5820 Software publishing 61 Telecommunications 6110 Wired telecommunications activities 6120 Wireless telecommunications activities 6130 Satellite telecommunications activities 6190 telecommunications activities 62 Computer programming, consultancy related activities 6201 Computer programming activities 6202 Computer consultancy computer facilities management activities 6209 information technology computer service activities 631 Data processing, hosting related activities; web portals 6311 Data processing, hosting related activities 6312 Web portals 951 Repair computers communication equipment 9511 Repair computers peripheral equipment 9512 Repair communication equipment Source: http://unstats..org/unsd/cr/registry/docs/i4_information_economy.pdf. 2 http://unstats..org/unsd/cr/registry/docs/i4_information_economy.pdf. 5 . Employment ICT specialist occupations concept ‘employment ICT specialist occupations’ refers jobs require skills production ICT goods services.3 includes jobs ICT sector. estimated approximately 50% ICT specialists employed ICT sector (ILO, 2014). Table: 2. Potential ISCO-08 thematic grouping ICT Specialist Occupations ISCO Code Title 25 Information Communications Technology Professionals 251 Software Applications Developers Analysts 2511 Systems analysts 2512 Software developers 2513 Web multimedia developers 2514 Applications programmers 2519 Software applications developers analysts classified 252 Database network professionals 2521 Database designers administrators 2522 Systems administrators 2523 Computer network professionals 2529 Database network professionals classified 35 Information Communications Technicians 351 Information communications technology operations user support technicians 3511 Information communications technology operations technicians 3512 Information communications technology user support technicians 3513 Computer network systems technicians 3514 Web technicians 352 Telecommunications Broadcasting Technicians 3521 Broadcasting audio-visual technicians 3522 Telecommunications engineering technicians groups ISCO-08 requiring skills production ICT goods services 1330 Information communications technology services managers 2152 Electronics engineers 2153 Telecommunications engineers 2166 Graphic multimedia designers 2356 Information technology trainers 2434 Information communications technology sales professionals 3 Eurostat definition ICT specialists purpose data collection: "workers ability develop, operate maintain ICT systems, ICT constitute main part job". work needed harmonize existing definitions ICT occupations. Eurostat definition specific type occupations include, broader conceptual definition affected time technology occupations. 6 ISCO Code Title 3114 Electronics engineering technicians 7422 Information communications technology installers servicers Source: Reproduction Table 2, (ILO, 2014). Note: Eurostat suggested add ISCO-08 group 7421 "Electronics Mechanics Servicers" list " groups requiring skills production ICT goods services". sections 6 8. version International Standard Classification Occupations (ISCO) adopted ILO 2008 referred ISCO-08. 60 percent economies world implemented ISCO-08 national/regional classification correspondent . development ISCO-08 consideration thematic groupings occupations including ICT themes. consideration, potential list ICT specialist occupations formulated unit group level .. 4-digit level ISCO ( table 2). technical note considers statistical impact obtaining estimates 3-digit level contrast 4-digit level coding ISCO-08. 3. Metadata collection-sources methodology potential data sources considered estimates ICT employment (ILO, 2014). main types surveys discussed : ) Labour Force Surveys (LFS) household surveys (HHS) collecting employment data; ) establishment surveys allowing employment estimations. countries dedicated LFS conducted, household surveys . mind lead limitations deviations standard concepts employment reference periods due nature survey objectives. case relevant establishment survey country, survey information terms coverage considered: . Sex disaggregation ii. Employment size establishment iii. Economic sector/industry coverage iv. Sample fractions4 . Frequency survey vi. Institutional sectoral coverage (public/private) vii. Employment disaggregation occupations adopting methodology metadata collection, online information National Statistics Offices (NSOs) sources compile metadata investigated. sources consulted collect metadata : � National Statistical Offices � Laborsta-ILO5 4 European countries http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ramon/statmanuals/files/KS-RA-10-004-EN.pdf 7 � ILO Information Library6 � IMF7 � Eurostat data Structural Business Statistics-national methodologies8 � Eurostat data EU labour force survey - methodology9 � UNESCO’ UIS Cultural Employment Metadata Survey report10 Current metadata compiled international organizations cover data years . , UIS survey conducted 2014. ILO metadata LFS methodologies 2011, metadata establishment surveys cover period 2012. situation, analysis started exploring availability national data NSOs. national information , sources examined. case LFS-related metadata (excluding EU countries), source considered UIS survey Laborsta/ILO Information Library. establishment surveys, source reflected IMF Laborsta. EU countries, Eurostat data source LFS establishment surveys. number challenges encountered respect availability required data. sources metadata digit levels purpose data collection reliable estimates derived. Eurostat data exception reliability limits values defined EU country kind estimates. , case, data computed digit level classification economic sectors occupations long values meet reliability criteria defined. , finding information national websites proved difficult. , statistical reports report related metadata. developing economies, NSOs offered information online, presence web. situation result limited technical capabilities economies compile comprehensive metadata. keeping objectives technical note, information foreseen relevant identify surveys kinds potentially provide ICT employment estimates: . Title Survey ii. year Survey iii. Periodicity Survey iv. Sample size . Sample fraction 5http://laborsta.ilo.org/applv8/data/SSM3//SSM3.html http://laborsta.ilo.org/applv8/data/SSM2_NEW//main.html 6 http://www.ilo.org/dyn/lfsurvey/lfsurvey.listp_lang=en 7 http://dsbb.imf.org/Pages/SDDS/CountryList.aspx 8http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ramon/nomenclatures/index.cfmTargetUrl=LST_NOM_DTL&StrNom=NAT_SBS& trLanguageCode=EN&IntPcKey=25915925&StrLayoutCode=HIERARCHIC 9http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/EU_labour_force_survey_-_methodology http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/1978984/6037342/EU-LFS-explanatory-notes--2014- onwards.pdf/3dc95eb7-3b86-49f6-ba26-3707abbe4b97 http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics- explained/index.php/EU_labour_force_survey_%E2%80%93_data_and_publication#Reliability 10http://www.uis.unesco.org/Library/Pages/DocumentMorePage.aspxdocIdValue=868&docIdFld=ID&SPSLangua ge=EN 8 vi. survey sex disaggregation vii. Industrial classification viii. Correspondence ISIC ix. digit level industrial classification collect data . digit level industrial classification provide reliable estimates xi. digit level industrial classification disseminate employment sector data xii. occupational classification xiii. Correspondence ISCO xiv. digit level occupational classification collect data xv. digit level occupational classification provide reliable estimates xvi. digit level occupational classification disseminate employment occupation data case establishment surveys, additional information coverage sought determine calculate ICT employment estimates. includes : . coverage establishment size terms employment ii. coverage Industries/Economic sectors iii. coverage institutional sector public private . 4. Labour Force/Household Surveys Labour Force Surveys (LFS) dedicated tool collect information employment unemployment related indicators labour market. household surveys, coverage terms employment wider sources, capturing informal side labour market. , sample fractions surveys lead limitations implications technical note. 80 percent economies information undertaken LFS household surveys provide information employment (figure 2, table 3). applies developed economies economies South Asia Middle East. lowest proportion economies conducted surveys South-East Asia Pacific region, -Saharan Africa.11 11 Country aggregates note ILO’ Key Indicators Labour Market (KILM): http://www.ilo.org/empelm//WCMS_114240/lang--en/index.htm. 9 Figure: 1. Proportion economies region conducting LFS/household survey Table: 3. Number economies region conducting LFS/HH survey Developed economies EU 37 Central South-eastern Europe (-EU) & CIS 15 East Asia 6 South-east Asia Pacific 13 South Asia 8 Latin America Caribbean 30 Middle East 13 North Africa 5 -Saharan Africa 34 regions 161 70 percent economies conduct survey annual basis, monthly quarterly basis (table 4). Middle East, , economies implemented employment-relevant household surveys irregular periodicity, -Saharan Africa applies 38 percent economies. Table: 4. Periodicity LFS/HH surveys region (%) Mont hly Quar terly year Annu ally years years years Irregu larly Developed economies EU 13.5 86.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Central South-eastern Europe (-EU) & CIS 20.0 60.0 6.7 6.7 0.0 6.7 0.0 0.0 East Asia 83.3 0.0 0.0 16.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 South-east Asia Pacific 23.1 30.8 0.0 7.7 0.0 15.4 0.0 23.1 South Asia 12.5 25.0 0.0 37.5 0.0 25.0 0.0 0.0 Latin America Caribbean 26.7 33.3 16.7 20.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.3 Middle East 0.0 23.1 15.4 7.7 0.0 7.7 0.0 46.2 North Africa 0.0 60.0 0.0 20.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.0 -Saharan Africa 0.0 5.9 0.0 17.6 5.9 23.5 8.8 38.2 regions 15.5 40.4 5.0 12.4 1.2 8.7 1.9 14.9 100 83 86 59 100 83 100 83 71 83 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 10 4.1.Industrial classification LHS/HHS noted , identification ICT sector ideally requires data 4-digit level ISIC. National surveys levels classification collect data, disseminate data obtain reliable estimates. , level coding collection, dissemination reliable estimation. estimate employment ICT sector, national surveys internationally-comparable industrial classification economic activities ISIC Rev.4, Rev.3.1, Rev.3, national classification correspondences ISIC. total 161 economies conducting LFS ( equivalent HHS), 46 ISIC Rev.4 ISIC Rev. 3/3.1 39 NACE official correspondence ISIC. 67 economies national industrial classification, 8 correspondence requisite version ISIC (table 5). Table: 5. Economic activity classification LFS/HH surveys region (number economies) ISIC.Rev. 4 ISIC.Rev. 3/3.1 ISIC.Rev. 2 NACE / National Developed economies EU 1 0 0 31 5 Central South-eastern Europe (-EU) & CIS 0 2 0 6 7 East Asia 1 0 1 0 4 South-east Asia Pacific 5 0 0 0 6 South Asia 0 3 0 0 5 Latin America Caribbean 5 3 1 1 19 Middle East 3 6 0 0 3 North Africa 2 0 0 0 3 -Saharan Africa 5 10 1 1 15 regions 22 24 3 39 67 terms relative importance types classifications LFS, requisite ISIC Rev. 4 Rev. 3/3.1 widely , developed economies — 86 percent apply latest classification NACE ( corresponds ISIC Rev.4) ISIC Rev.4 — Middle East (figure 2). widely implemented type economic activity classification regions national regional classification correspond requisite version ISIC (.. Rev. 4, Rev.3.1 Rev.3). analysis, , shows classifications regions tend correspond ISIC.Rev.4 Rev. 3/3.1. South Asia North Africa classifications 20 percent economies (figure 3, table 6). terms level coding detail, 83 (58 percent) 142 economies information collect employment data 4-digit level economic activity classification (table 7, figure 4). 19 percent report 3-digit level, 14 percent 2-digit level 7 percent 1-digit level. regions highest proportion economies 4-digit level North Africa (80 percent) South-East Asia Pacific (78 percent). spectrum South Asia East Asia. economies collect data 5 digit coding level. 11 Figure: 2. Economic activity classifications LFS/HH surveys region (%) Figure: 3. Correspondence economic activity classification LFS/HH survey (%) 2.7 16.7 45.5 17.2 25.0 40.0 15.6 14.2 0.0 13.3 37.5 10.3 50.0 31.3 15.5 16.7 83.8 40.0 3.4 3.1 25.2 13.5 46.7 66.7 54.5 62.5 65.5 25.0 60.0 46.9 43.2 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% /National NACE ISIC.Rv. 2 ISIC.Rv. 3/3.1 ISIC.Rv. 4 6.7 12.5 14.3 3.8 20.0 3.4 94.6 46.7 83.3 87.5 42.9 53.8 36.4 80.0 50.0 64.8 5.4 46.7 28.6 34.6 63.6 43.3 27.6 16.7 14.3 7.7 6.7 4.1 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% ISIC.Rv. 2 ISIC.Rv. 3/3.1 ISIC.Rv. 4 correspondence 12 Table: 6. Correspondence economic activity classification LFS/HHS region (number economies) correspondence ISIC.Rv. 4 ISIC.Rv. 3/3.1 ISIC.Rv. 2 Developed economies EU 0 35 2 0 Central South-eastern Europe (-EU) & CIS 1 7 7 0 East Asia 0 5 0 1 South-east Asia Pacific 1 7 0 0 South Asia 1 3 2 1 Latin America Caribbean 1 14 9 2 Middle East 0 4 7 0 North Africa 1 4 0 0 -Saharan Africa 0 15 13 2 regions 5 94 40 6 Table: 7. Digit level coding economic activity classification collect LFS/HHS data (number economies) 1-digit 2-digit 3-digit 4-digit 5-digit Developed economies EU 0 2 14 21 0 Central South-eastern Europe (-EU) & CIS 0 3 1 8 1 East Asia 0 3 0 2 1 South-east Asia Pacific 0 0 2 7 0 South Asia 1 2 1 4 0 Latin America Caribbean 3 5 3 15 0 Middle East 3 1 1 6 0 North Africa 0 0 1 4 0 -Saharan Africa 3 4 4 16 0 regions 10 20 27 83 2 Figure: 4. Digit level coding economic activity classification collect LFS/HHS data (%) 0.0 12.5 11.5 27.3 11.1 7.0 5.4 23.1 50.0 25.0 19.2 9.1 14.8 14.1 37.8 7.7 22.2 12.5 11.5 9.1 20.0 14.8 19.0 56.8 61.5 33.3 77.8 50.0 57.7 54.5 80.0 59.3 58.5 7.7 16.7 1.4 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0100.0 Developed economies EU Central South-eastern Europe (-EU) & CIS East Asia South-east Asia Pacific South Asia Latin America Caribbean Middle East North Africa -Saharan Africa regions 1-digit 2-digit 3-digit 4-digit 5-digit 13 data collected digit-level classification economic activity, produce reliable employment estimates level detail. fact, 70 percent economies provide reliable estimates 2-digit level coding economic classification (table 8). Table: 8. Digit level coding economic activity classification reliable estimates obtained LFS/HHS data (%) 1-digit 2-digit 3-digit 4-digit Developed economies EU 0.0 22.9 77.1 0.0 Central South-eastern Europe (-EU) & CIS 25.0 75.0 0.0 0.0 East Asia 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 South-east Asia Pacific 33.3 66.7 0.0 0.0 South Asia 25.0 75.0 0.0 0.0 Latin America Caribbean 35.7 64.3 0.0 0.0 Middle East 77.8 22.2 0.0 0.0 North Africa 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -Saharan Africa 55.6 33.3 0.0 11.1 regions 25.8 42.7 30.3 1.1 terms dissemination data, level detail . table 9 shows, 124 economies information , economy disseminating data 3-digit level. 120 economies reporting data 1-digit level. Table: 9. Digit level coding economic activity classification disseminate LFS/HHS data (%) 1-digit 2-digit 3-digit Developed economies EU 32 2 1 Central South-eastern Europe (-EU) & CIS 10 0 0 East Asia 6 0 0 South-east Asia Pacific 9 0 0 South Asia 7 0 0 Latin America Caribbean 17 1 0 Middle East 11 0 0 North Africa 4 0 0 -Saharan Africa 24 0 0 regions 120 3 1 14 4.2.Classification occupations12 regard classification occupations, 57 economies regions ISCO-08, 29 economies ISCO-88 country ISCO-68. 68 economies, occupational classification ISCO (table 10, figure 5). Table: 10. Classification occupations LFS/HHS region (number economies) ISCO-08 ISCO-88 ISCO-1968 /National Developed economies EU 32 1 0 4 Central South-eastern Europe (-EU) & CIS 4 4 0 7 East Asia 1 1 0 4 South-east Asia Pacific 4 1 0 6 South Asia 0 2 0 6 Latin America Caribbean 4 5 0 20 Middle East 2 6 0 4 North Africa 2 0 1 2 -Saharan Africa 8 9 0 15 regions 57 29 1 68 Figure: 5. Classification occupations LFS/HHS region (%) 12 Totals presented table include economies provide information required respective table. 86.5 26.7 16.7 36.4 13.8 16.7 40.0 25.0 36.8 2.7 26.7 16.7 9.1 25.0 17.2 50.0 28.1 18.7 20.0 0.6 10.8 46.7 66.7 54.5 75.0 69.0 33.3 40.0 46.9 43.9 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% /National ISCO-1968 ISCO-88 ISCO-08 15 , economies ( information ) correspondence occupational classification version ISCO. 82 economies correspondence ISCO-08, 53 economies correspondence ISCO-88, ISCO-1968 (table 11). Figure: 6. Correspondence classification occupations LFS/HHS region (%) Table: 11. Correspondence classification occupations LFS/HHS (number economies) Correspondence ISCO-08 ISCO-88 ISCO-1968 Developed economies EU 1 34 2 0 Central South-eastern Europe (-EU) & CIS 0 6 9 0 East Asia 0 3 3 0 South-east Asia Pacific 1 7 1 0 South Asia 0 3 4 0 Latin America Caribbean 2 10 10 3 Middle East 1 4 6 0 North Africa 0 2 2 1 -Saharan Africa 0 13 16 1 regions 5 82 53 5 terms level detail coding, 94 economies collect occupational data 4-digit level ( developed economies), related numbers economies 2- 3-digit levels 22 17, . 8 economies code occupation data 1-digit level (table 12, figure 7). 2.7 11.1 8.0 9.1 3.4 91.9 40.0 50.0 77.8 42.9 40.0 36.4 40.0 43.3 56.6 5.4 60.0 50.0 11.1 57.1 40.0 54.5 40.0 53.3 36.6 12.0 20.0 3.3 3.4 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% ISCO-1968 ISCO-88 ISCO-08 Correspondence 16 Table: 12. Digit level coding classification occupations collect LFS/HHS data (number economies) 1-digit 2-digit 3-digit 4-digit Developed economies EU 0 1 4 32 Central South-eastern Europe (-EU) & CIS 0 2 2 9 East Asia 0 3 0 3 South-east Asia Pacific 0 0 1 8 South Asia 1 1 1 5 Latin America Caribbean 3 6 2 15 Middle East 2 2 1 6 North Africa 0 0 0 4 -Saharan Africa 2 7 6 12 regions 8 22 17 94 Figure: 7. Digit level coding classification occupations collect LFS/HHS data (%) Resembling situation regard data economic activity classifications, reliable estimates employment occupation 4-digit level national occupation classification developed economies (Figure 8, table 13). additional economies produce reliable estimates 3-digit level, vast majority developing economies 1- 2-digit level. important distinguish collection reliable estimation level detail classification data . 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Developed economies EU Central South-eastern Europe (-… East Asia South-east Asia Pacific South Asia Latin America Caribbean Middle East North Africa -Saharan Africa regions 12.5 11.5 18.2 7.4 5.7 2.7 15.4 50.0 12.5 23.1 18.2 25.9 15.6 10.8 15.4 0.0 11.1 12.5 7.7 9.1 22.2 12.1 86.5 69.2 50.0 88.9 62.5 57.7 54.5 100.0 44.4 66.7 1-digit 2-digit 3-digit 4-digit 17 Figure: 8. Digit level coding occupation classification reliable estimates obtained LFS/HHS data (%) terms dissemination, country reports occupations data 3-digit level, economies 2-digit level remaining 118 economies 1-digit level (table 13). Table: 13. Digit level coding classification occupations disseminate LFS/HHS data (number economies) 1-digit 2-digit 3-digit Developed economies EU 32 1 1 Central South-eastern Europe (-EU) & CIS 10 0 0 East Asia 6 0 0 South-east Asia Pacific 9 0 0 South Asia 7 0 0 Latin America Caribbean 17 1 0 Middle East 10 1 0 North Africa 4 0 0 -Saharan Africa 23 1 0 regions 118 4 1 5. Establishment surveys shown table 14, 90 economies undertake establishment surveys. incidence surveys varies considerably regions. 90 percent developed economies , share -Saharan Africa 17 percent (figure 9). 37.5 16.7 25.0 30.8 66.7 100.0 40.0 22.5 8.6 50.0 100.0 66.7 75.0 69.2 33.3 50.0 38.2 22.9 12.5 16.7 10.0 12.4 68.6 27.0 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%100% Developed economies EU Central South-eastern Europe (-EU) & CIS East Asia South-east Asia Pacific South Asia Latin America Caribbean Middle East North Africa -Saharan Africa regions 1-digit 2-digit 3-digit 4-digit 18 Table: 14. Number economies region conducting establishment surveys Developed economies EU 33 Central South-eastern Europe (-EU) & CIS 14 East Asia 3 South-east Asia Pacific 7 South Asia 6 Latin America Caribbean 10 Middle East 6 North Africa 3 -Saharan Africa 8 regions 90 Figure: 9. Proportion economies region conducting establishment surveys (%) 81 economies undertake establishment surveys, information frequency surveys , 78 percent conduct survey annually, 44 percent quarterly (table 15). 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 89.2 77.8 42.9 31.8 75.0 27.8 46.2 50.0 16.7 46.2 19 Table: 15. Periodicity establishment surveys regions (number economies) Mont hly Quart erly year Annu ally years years Irregul arly Developed economies EU 7 10 2 10 1 3 0 Central South-eastern Europe (-EU) & CIS 5 3 0 3 0 1 0 East Asia 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 South-east Asia Pacific 0 2 0 1 0 0 2 South Asia 0 0 0 3 0 1 1 Latin America Caribbean 1 2 1 3 0 0 2 Middle East 0 0 0 3 0 1 2 North Africa 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 -Saharan Africa 0 3 0 1 0 0 3 regions 15 21 3 24 2 6 10 5.1.Limitations establishment surveys sectoral coverage surveys critical aspect . 61 percent economies establishment surveys include establishments public private sectors size. economies, , restrict scope public (2 percent) private (22 percent) include manufacturing construction (12 percent). regions coverage public private sectors. regions large number economies surveys covering private sector. sample establishment surveys based business register, unregistered establishments generally included. countries informal sector employment significant, surveys provide reliable estimates total employment. partially explain regional variations establishment surveys. Figure: 10. Sectoral coverage establishment survey region (%) 14.3 33.3 33.3 20.0 25.0 12.2 8.3 50.0 50.0 33.3 40.0 42.9 22.4 8.3 2.0 83.3 85.7 50.0 16.7 33.3 40.0 75.0 100.0 42.9 61.2 14.3 2.0 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Developed economies EU Central South-eastern Europe (-EU) & CIS East Asia South-east Asia Pacific South Asia Latin America Caribbean Middle East North Africa -Saharan Africa regions Manufacturing Private Public Public private Construction trade 20 discussing limitations establishment surveys, key factor concerns minimum size establishments covered. shown table 16, ranges minimum size (39 percent economies), establishments 5 persons employed (14 percent) establishments least25 persons employed (2 percent). Table: 16. Minimum employment size establishment covered establishment surveys region (%) 5-employed 10- employed 20- employed 25- employed size Developed economies EU 16.7 41.7 0.0 0.0 41.7 Central South-eastern Europe (-EU) & CIS 0.0 50.0 16.7 0.0 33.3 East Asia 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 66.7 South-east Asia Pacific 16.7 0.0 33.3 16.7 33.3 South Asia 33.3 66.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 Latin America Caribbean 0.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 50.0 Middle East 0.0 25.0 0.0 0.0 75.0 North Africa 0.0 66.7 0.0 0.0 33.3 -Saharan Africa 50.0 33.3 0.0 0.0 16.7 regions 14.3 34.7 6.1 2.0 38.8 general, establishment survey data disaggregated sex. represents limitation suitability tool collecting sex-disaggregated ICT employment estimates. limitation observed developed economies situation constraining Latin America Caribbean, economies sex-disaggregated data. Table 17. Sex-disaggregation data employment establishment survey (number economies) Disaggregation sex disaggregation sex Developed economies EU 16 17 Central South-eastern Europe (-EU) & CIS 8 5 East Asia 2 0 South-east Asia Pacific 3 4 South Asia 3 0 Latin America Caribbean 2 7 Middle East 3 2 North Africa 1 2 -Saharan Africa 4 3 regions 42 40 21 5.2.Industrial Classifications terms industrial classifications establishment surveys, extent correspond requisite ISIC varies regions (figure 11). , 4 examples surveys classification system compatible ISIC Rev.4 Rev.3/3.1 (figure 11). Figure: 11. Correspondence industrial classification establishment surveys region (%) Turning level coding data establishment surveys, economies information 4-digit level (figure 12). , North Africa, Middle East Latin America Caribbean, predominant method 1-digit level. Figure 13 shows , dissemination purposes, 1- digit 2-digit levels commonly classifications. Figure: 12. Digit level coding industrial classification collect establishment survey data (%) 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0 correspondence ISIC.Rv. 4 ISIC.Rv. 3/3.1 ISIC.Rv. 2 13.3 14.3 25.0 71.4 75.0 100.0 23.9 3.3 25.0 33.3 14.3 20.0 9.0 10.0 14.3 50.0 25.0 16.7 14.3 40.0 14.9 66.7 71.4 50.0 25.0 50.0 25.0 40.0 49.3 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Developed economies EU Central South-eastern Europe (-EU) & CIS East Asia South-east Asia Pacific South Asia Latin America Caribbean Middle East North Africa -Saharan Africa regions 1-digit 2-digit 3-digit 4-digit 5-digit 22 Figure: 13. Digit level coding industrial classification disseminate establishment survey data (%) terms producing reliable estimates, 29 percent economies 1-digit level equally large share 2-digit level coding. 3- 4-digit levels, shares 18 24 percent, (figure 14). Figure: 14. Digit level coding industrial classification obtain reliable estimates establishment survey (%) 36.4 66.7 50.0 33.3 83.3 75.0 100.0 42.9 45.5 45.5 50.0 33.3 50.0 16.7 57.1 36.4 13.6 33.3 9.1 4.5 33.3 33.3 16.7 25.0 9.1 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 4-digit 3-digit 2-digit 1-digit 21.7 25.0 25.0 66.7 75.0 100.0 29.1 34.8 50.0 25.0 50.0 16.7 50.0 29.1 17.4 25.0 25.0 33.3 16.7 25.0 18.2 26.1 50.0 50.0 25.0 16.7 25.0 25.0 23.6 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Developed economies EU Central South-eastern… East Asia South-east Asia Pacific South Asia Latin America Caribbean Middle East North Africa -Saharan Africa regions 1-digit 2-digit 3-digit 23 5.3.Classification occupations 55 economies establishment surveys collect data employment industry, 39 collect data occupations. classification occupations establishment surveys, 16 percent economies ISCO-08, figures ISCO- 88 / national 27 percent 58 percent (table 18). regions, classifications correspond ISCO-88 ISCO-08. , Latin America Caribbean, 75 percent surveys correspondence (figure 15). Table: 18. Classification occupations establishment surveys region (%) ISCO-08 ISCO-88 /National Developed economies EU 15.8 26.3 57.9 Central South-eastern Europe (-EU) & CIS 33.3 33.3 33.3 East Asia 0.0 0.0 100.0 South-east Asia Pacific 0.0 0.0 100.0 South Asia 33.3 33.3 33.3 Latin America Caribbean 0.0 25.0 75.0 Middle East 25.0 50.0 25.0 North Africa 0.0 50.0 50.0 -Saharan Africa 0.0 0.0 100.0 regions 15.9 27.3 56.8 Figure: 15. Correspondence classification occupations establishment surveys (%) 6.3 33.3 75.0 12.8 56.3 50.0 100.0 50.0 33.3 33.3 33.3 43.6 37.5 50.0 50.0 33.3 25.0 66.7 100.0 66.7 43.6 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% ISCO-88 ISCO-08 Correspondence 24 39 economies relevant information , 46 percent collect occupations data 1-digit level (figure 16). 29 percent 4-digit level coding. share considerably higher developed economies (53 percent). Figure: 16. Digit level coding classification occupations collect establishment data (%) , common level reliable estimates employment occupations produced 1-digit level, economies covered . figures 2-, 3-, 4-digit levels 7 percent, 21 percent 18 percent, (table 19). Table: 19. Digit level coding classification occupations reliable estimates obtained establishment surveys (%) 1-digit 2-digit 3-digit 4-digit Developed economies EU 36.4 0.0 27.3 36.4 Central South-eastern Europe (-EU) & CIS 50.0 0.0 50.0 0.0 East Asia 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 South-east Asia Pacific 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 South Asia 50.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 Latin America Caribbean 75.0 0.0 25.0 0.0 Middle East 66.7 0.0 0.0 33.3 North Africa 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -Saharan Africa 50.0 0.0 50.0 0.0 regions 53.6 7.1 21.4 17.9 33.3 25.0 100.0 50.0 75.0 66.7 100.0 33.3 45.7 100.0 50.0 5.7 13.3 50.0 25.0 66.7 20.0 53.3 25.0 33.3 28.6 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Developed economies EU Central South-eastern… East Asia South-east Asia Pacific South Asia Latin America Caribbean Middle East North Africa -Saharan Africa regions 1-digit 2-digit 3-digit 4-digit 25 6. Estimating ICT employment Europe discussed , establish estimates ICT employment industry occupation, data 4- digit level classifications occupation industry ideally needed. , , data 4-digit level . 4-digit level collection stage, due reliability limitations, production estimates requires higher levels data aggregation. section sex-disaggregated employment data European Labour Force Survey analyze statistical impact basing ICT employment estimates data classified levels detail: ideal digit-level estimations (4-digit) widely digit-level estimations (3-digit). Annual data employment classified economic activity occupation obtained Eurostat codes: Economic Activity 3-digit NACE Rev.2 (corresponds 4-digit ISIC Rev.4): 261, 262, 263, 264, 268, 465, 582, 611, 612, 613, 619, 620, 631, 639, 951 2-digit NACE Rev.2 (corresponds 3-digit ISIC Rev.4): 26, 61, 62, 63 Occupation 4- digit ISCO-08: 1330, 2152, 2153, 2166, 2356, 2434, 2511, 2512, 2513, 2514, 2519, 2521, 2522, 2523, 2529, 3114, 3511, 3512, 3513, 3514, 3521, 3522, 742213 3-digit ISCO-08: 215, 251, 252, 351, 352, 742 data sectoral employment classified NACE rev.2, corresponds ISIC Rev. 4. occupation data classified ISCO-08. economies participate European Labour Force survey, data ideal level coding exhibit reliability limitations. additional limitations regard estimating female employment. present ICT sector employment ICT specialist occupation data separately 4-digit ISIC component ISCO component. categories classification aggregated obtain estimates meet criterion reliability. aggregation economies due missing values classes sectors occupations, values based 3 responding units sample. typically correspond population estimates 200-400 persons released order avoid risk breaching respondent confidentiality. Depending country, 3-digit level data underestimate overestimate ICT sector employment males compared 4-digit level (table 20). , Sweden, 3-digit level data suggest 4.86 percent males workforce employed ICT sector, compared estimate 5.65 percent data 4-digit level. contrast, Austria 3-digit -level estimates 13 addition list occupation types shown , Eurostat includes ISCO-08 group 7421 "Electronics Mechanics Servicers" data collection employment ICT occupations. 26 slightly higher. , estimation differences amount percent total male employment. small share ICT sector total male employment, differences depicted table 20 negligible. argument striking case estimates females working ICT sector share total female employment smaller (table 20). Table: 20. Employment ICT sector, 2013, selected European economies Men employed ICT sector, 2013, thousands people percentage male employment 3-digit Estimation 4-digit Estimation Difference 3- digit 4-digit (%) Thousands Proportion (%) Thousands Proportion (%) Austria 83.62 3.76 82.60 3.71 0.05 Germany 852.99 3.93 911.30 4.20 -0.27 France 438.74 3.27 460.84 3.44 -0.16 Italy 395.34 3.02 422.90 3.23 -0.21 Poland 220.45 2.55 238.72 2.76 -0.21 Sweden 119.97 4.86 139.37 5.65 -0.79 United Kingdom 756.46 4.74 765.24 4.79 -0.05 EU-28 4279.02 3.63 4372.79 3.71 -0.08 Women employed ICT sector, 2013, thousands people percentage female employment 3-digit Estimation 4-digit Estimation Difference 3- digit 4-digit (%) Thousands Proportion (%) Thousands Proportion (%) Austria 30.56 1.57 28.21 1.45 0.12 Germany 337.08 1.80 337.24 1.80 0.00 France 171.95 1.39 200.93 1.63 -0.24 Italy 160.72 1.72 168.31 1.80 -0.08 Poland 114.16 1.65 118.70 1.71 -0.07 Sweden 42.46 1.90 45.16 2.02 -0.12 United Kingdom 217.84 1.57 218.98 1.58 -0.01 EU-28 1662.02 1.67 1640.44 1.65 0.02 Total employment ICT sector, 2013, thousands people percentage total employment 3-digit Estimation 4-digit Estimation Difference 3- digit 4-digit (%) Thousands Proportion (%) Thousands Proportion (%) Austria 114.18 2.73 110.81 2.65 0.08 Germany 1190.07 2.94 1,248.53 3.09 -0.14 France 610.68 2.37 661.78 2.57 -0.20 Italy 556.06 2.48 591.21 2.64 -0.16 Poland 334.61 2.15 357.42 2.30 -0.15 Sweden 162.42 3.45 184.52 3.92 -0.47 United Kingdom 974.30 3.27 984.22 3.30 -0.03 EU-28 5941.05 2.73 6,013.22 2.77 -0.03 Source: Eurostat LFS data. 27 share females total ICT sector employment shows estimation 3-digit level (table 21). statistical impact larger France, 3-digit data underestimate female share ICT sector employment percentage points. Table: 21. Women' share ICT sector employment women' share total employment, 2013, selected European economies 3-digit estimation 4-digit estimation Difference 3-digit 4-digit (%) Reference indicator: women' share total employment (%) Thousands Proportion (%) Thousands Proportion (%) Austria 30.56 26.76 28.21 25.46 1.31 46.74 Germany 337.08 28.32 337.24 27.01 1.31 46.30 France 171.95 28.16 200.93 30.36 -2.21 47.91 Italy 160.72 28.90 168.31 28.47 0.43 41.61 Poland 114.16 34.12 118.70 33.21 0.91 44.49 Sweden 42.46 26.14 45.16 24.47 1.61 47.55 United Kingdom 217.84 22.36 218.98 22.25 0.11 46.47 EU-28 1662.02 27.98 1640.44 27.28 0.69 45.77 Source: Eurostat LFS data. Data employment ICT specialist occupations (table 22) show mix - - estimation 3-digit level compared 4-digit level. proportion men employed ICT occupations share total male employment, statistical impact remains small represents 1.06 percentage points total male employment. Women ICT occupations represent small share total female employment, values 1 percent economies. estimating indicator 3- 4 digit-level result significant differences. Table: 22. Employment ICT occupations, 2013, selected European economies Men employed ICT occupations, thousands people percentage male employment 3-digit estimation 4-digit estimation Difference 3- digit 4-digit (%) Thousands Proportion (%) Thousands Proportion (%) Austria 115.16 5.18 116.43 5.24 -0.06 Germany 1,182.37 5.44 1,118.86 5.15 0.29 France 476.50 3.55 533.97 3.98 -0.43 Netherlands 258.44 5.76 284.38 6.34 -0.58 Poland 293.55 3.40 302.09 3.50 -0.10 Sweden 186.85 7.57 200.24 8.12 -0.54 United Kingdom 1,106.17 6.93 1,077.03 6.74 0.18 EU-28 5,655.39 4.80 4,405.07 3.74 1.06 28 Women employed ICT occupations, thousands people percentage female employment 3-digit estimation 4-digit estimation Difference 3- digit 4-digit (%) Thousands Proportion (%) Thousands Proportion (%) Austria 12.05 0.62 19.26 0.99 -0.37 Germany 159.53 0.85 199.84 1.07 -0.22 France 98.18 0.80 138.59 1.12 -0.33 Netherlands 34.35 0.89 48.87 1.26 -0.37 Poland 35.54 0.51 47.34 0.68 -0.17 Sweden 43.98 1.97 50.33 2.25 -0.28 United Kingdom 193.69 1.40 222.16 1.60 -0.21 EU-28 947.71 0.95 881.13 0.89 0.07 Total employment ICT occupations, thousands people percentage total employment 3-digit estimation 4-digit estimation Difference 3- digit 4-digit (%) Thousands Proportion (%) Thousands Proportion (%) Austria 127.21 3.05 135.69 3.25 -0.20 Germany 1,341.90 3.32 1,318.70 3.26 0.06 France 574.67 2.23 672.56 2.61 -0.38 Netherlands 292.79 3.50 333.25 3.98 -0.48 Poland 329.09 2.11 349.43 2.24 -0.13 Sweden 230.83 4.91 250.56 5.33 -0.42 United Kingdom 1,299.86 4.36 1,299.19 4.35 0.01 EU-28 6,603.10 3.04 5,286.21 2.43 0.61 Source: Eurostat LFS data. shown table 23, women' share employment ICT occupations considerably values calculated women' share employment ICT sector. Germany women represent 27 28 percent ICT sector employment (table 21) 12 15 percent ICT specialists. time, estimated values indicators women' share total employment. Table 23 shows choice 3-digit 4-digit estimation results significant differences women' share ICT occupations. 4-digit estimation indicator yields higher values, 5 percent. difference 3 4-digit estimates underlines data compiled 4-digit level ISCO. 29 Table: 23. Women' share employment ICT occupations women' share total employment, 2013, selected European economies 3-digit estimation 4-digit estimation Difference 3-digit 4-digit (%) Reference indicator: women' share total employment (%) Thousands Proportion (%) Thousands Proportion (%) Austria 12.05 9.47 19.26 14.19 -4.72 46.73 Germany 159.53 11.89 199.84 15.15 -3.27 45.90 France 98.18 17.08 138.59 20.61 -3.52 47.30 Netherlands 34.35 11.73 48.87 14.67 -2.93 46.10 Poland 35.54 10.80 47.34 13.55 -2.75 47.91 Sweden 43.98 19.05 50.33 20.09 -1.03 43.38 United Kingdom 193.69 14.90 222.16 17.10 -2.20 46.30 EU-28 947.71 14.35 881.13 16.67 -2.32 45.77 Source: Eurostat LFS data. 7. Conclusion purpose reporting information ICT employment, household surveys data source establishment surveys. , larger share household surveys collect sex-disaggregated employment data. , achieve coverage informal sector. , establishment surveys estimates employment cover sectors establishments. Finally, establishment surveys collect data occupations. developed developing economies compile estimates ICT aggregates based 3 4 digit LFS data. international level, request national statistical offices compile ICT aggregates share data ILO/UNCTAD. economies, estimates reliable 3 4 digit level, due sampling errors. key observations regard situation data sources : � LFS related household survey employment information conducted 83 percent economies information gathered. � quarters economies conducting LFS household survey annual basis. � Establishment surveys employment estimates conducted 46 percent economies information gathered. average hides considerable regional variation ranging 89 percent developed economies conducting establishment surveys, compared 17 percent -Saharan African economies. � economies (88 percent) conducting establishment survey annual basis. � 50 percent establishment surveys disaggregate data sex generally cover informal sector. suitability establishment surveys collection ICT employment statistics global scale questionable. 30 ICT sector employment Data ICT employment sex collected based existing definition ICT sector alternative aggregate ISIC Rev.4, defined 4-digit level. , shown paper, economies estimates employment economic activity reliable 2 digit level 3 4 digit level required. feasible compile data ICT sector components provide estimate total ICT aggregate, based national data coded 4-digit level ISIC, comparable national classification economic activities. estimates 4 digit level, economies compile ICT aggregate based data 3 digit level (.. Eurostat LFS estimates). Table: 24. Economies region provide aggregated ICT sector employment data LFS Region Economies Developed economies EU Australia, Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States Central South- Eastern Europe (- EU) Armenia, Belarus, Bosnia Herzegovina, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Republic Moldova, Montenegro, Russian Federation, Serbia, Tajikistan, Turkey East Asia Macau (China), Mongolia South-East Asia Pacific Guam, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Viet Nam South Asia Bhutan, Pakistan, Sri Lanka Latin America Caribbean Argentina, Bahamas, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, French Guyana, Grenada, Guadalupe, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Trinidad Tobago, Uruguay Middle East Islamic Republic Iran, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syrian Arab Republic, United Arab Emirates, Yemen North Africa Egypt, Morocco, Sudan, Tunisia -Saharan Africa Benin, Botswana, Cape Verde, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Reunion, Rwanda, Senegal, South Africa, United Republic Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe aggregated ICT sector employment estimates LFS obtained 102 economies presented table 24. economies implemented 4-digit 3-digit level classification economic activity classification correspondent ISIC rev. 4 ISIC rev. 3/3.1. situation data sources providing ICT sector estimates summarized : � type economic activity classification, 92 percent economies data implemented industrial classification ISIC Rev. 4 ISIC Rev. 3/3.1 household surveys LFS, 94 percent establishment surveys. 31 � 79 percent economies LFS/HHS metadata code employment data 3-digit level higher industry classification. economies, 25 percent provide reliable estimates 3-digit higher level. dissemination, economies prefer report data 1-digit level. � 67 percent economies establishment survey metadata code employment data 3-digit level higher classification occupations. , 51 percent (.. 23 economies) provide reliable estimates 3-digit higher level. dissemination, economies prefer report data 1-digit 2-digit levels, 46 36 percent, . suitability LFS establishment surveys collect ICT sector employment data summarized tables 25 26. economies, assessment suitability due lack essential information. LFS metadata collected, 45 percent economies included data evaluate suitability. regard employment ICT sector, 17 percent 161 economies covered conduct suitable LFS provide required disaggregated estimates 3-digit level industrial classification (table 24). 46 percent LFS-conducting economies provide disaggregate data 2-digit level result significant - overestimation indicators. Table: 25. Suitability LFS collect employment data disaggregated ICT Sectors Suitability requisite 3-digit level Suitability 2-digit level Number Percent Number Percent Insufficient information 72 44.72 72 37.76 62 38.51 23 16.08 27 16.77 66 46.15 Total 161 100 161 100 suitability establishment surveys obtaining disaggregated ICT employment data case LFS (table 25). Table: 26. Suitability establishment survey collect disaggregated employment data ICT sectors Suitability requisite digit level Suitability 2-digit level Number Percent Number Percent Insufficient information 13 14.44 14 15.56 51 56.67 47 52.22 26 28.89 29 32.22 Total 90 100 90 100 32 ICT occupations employment concern internationally agreed- definition ICT occupations, paper finds large number economies, statistics ICT occupations aggregate compiled data coded 4-digit level ISCO-08. economies 4 digit level , 3-digit level . Table: 27. Economies region provide aggregated ICT specialist occupations data LFS Region Economies Developed economies EU Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States Central South- Eastern Europe (- EU) Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Yugoslav Republic Macedonia, Republic Moldova, Montenegro, Russian Federation, Serbia, Tajikistan, Turkey East Asia Macau (China), Mongolia, Taiwan (China) South-East Asia Pacific Guam, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Viet Nam South Asia Bhutan, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka Latin America Caribbean Argentina, Bahamas, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, French Guyana, Grenada, Guadalupe, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Trinidad Tobago, Uruguay Middle East Syrian Arab Republic, United Arab Emirates, Yemen North Africa - -Saharan Africa Ghana, Mali, Mauritius, Namibia, Niger, Reunion, South Africa, United Republic Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe Table 27 shows 99 economies territories compute ICT specialist occupation aggregates based LFS employment data coded 4-digit level ISCO. situation data sources ICT specialist occupations summarized : � 86 155 economies information direct application ISCO-08 ISCO-88 LFS household surveys. adding economies implemented national classification correspondence ISCO-08 ISCO-88, number reaches 135. � data collection purposes, 67 percent economies data 4-digit level occupation classification LFS. 26 percent provide related estimates reliability. � 90 economies conduct employment-related establishment survey cover data occupations. , 34 direct correspondent application ISCO- 08 ISCO-88 surveys. 33 � data collection purposes, 17 economies data 4-digit level occupation classification establishment surveys, 11 provide related estimates reliability. availability data disaggregated ICT specialist occupations LFS limited. 15 percent surveys world provide estimates completely identified 4- digit level classification occupations (table 28). identifying disaggregated estimates 3-digit level classification challenging economies. Table: 28. Suitability LFS collect employment data ICT specialist disaggregated occupations Suitability requisite digit level Suitability 3-digit level Number Percent Number Percent Insufficient information 72 44.72 72 44.72 65 40.37 54 33.54 24 14.91 35 21.74 Total 161 100 161 100 Table: 29. Suitability establishment surveys collect employment data ICT specialist disaggregated occupations Suitability requisite digit level Suitability 3-digit level Number Percent Number Percent Insufficient information 15 16.67 14 15.56 68 75.56 62 68.89 7 7.78 14 15.56 Total 90 100 90 100 8. Recommendations growing demand data ICT-related employment, terms ICT sector regard ICT specialist occupations. review potential classifications data sources compile relevant information shown collection reporting relevant data area challenging. Bringing gender dimension exercise adds complexity. pros cons possibilities examined paper, safest moment estimate total employment ICT sector occupations separately males females LFS. background, recommendations : 34 1. ILO establish definitive list ICT occupations , consultation agencies compiling estimates employment ICT occupations, UN Expert Group International Statistical Classifications. 14 2. part UNCTAD' annual collection data Information Economy, national statistics offices asked provide sex-disaggregated data . employment ICT Sector . employment ICT occupations, based labour force survey data . provide guidance ISIC ISCO categories include, data coded 3 4 digit level. 3. economies generally compile estimates LFS microdata, statistically developed economies support . Ideally estimates ICT employment included national specifications LFS data compilation microdata file revisited initial reports tabulations produced. 4. Public microdata (unit record files) investigated potential source clear master unit record file . Anonymized public files generally sufficiently detailed classification codes cells small values suppressed reasons confidentiality reliability. economies EU statistical system, data compiled Eurostat. 5. National statistics offices asked provide metadata source data compiled (.. labour force establishment survey), specific occupation industry categories included digit-level data compiled, relevant information reliability estimates. Eurostat methodology estimations ICT total employment males females, countries' data computed exploiting 4-digit level classifications ( collect survey data reliable class) reliable totals. purpose countries asked compute requisite indicators ( disclose unreliable classes classifications 4-digit level). national capacities lacking, UNCTAD acquire 4-digit level micro data , applying methodology, produce requisite data ready publish consent respective national survey conducting agency. , ideally 102 economies provide ICT sector employment data 99 economies provide ICT specialists occupational employment data separately males females. obtaining 2-digit level requisite estimates LFS concerned, rule thumb identify data -estimated -estimated. data published, policy makers aware estimation error. 14 discussions ICT occupations place ITU Meeting Expert Group ICT Household Indicators, 22-23 September 2015, Geneva, Switzerland. focus list " groups ISCO-08 requiring skills production ICT goods services" predominantly jobs involved production ICT goods services. Eurostat suggested add group 7421"Electronics Mechanics Servicers" included data collection ICT occupations. suggested exclude groups: 2166 "Graphic Multimedia Designers", jobs related content production ICTs produced, group 8212 "Electrical Electronic Equipment Assemblers", jobs involving production ICT goods services. 35 Annex tables : 1. LFS suitability 15 sex-disaggregated ICT employment indicators economy Economy Ind_c lass Occ_ class Ind _C _C ol Occ _C_ Ind _C _es Occ _C _es Coresp onden ce_ISIC Coresp ondenc e_ISCO Periodic ity Siutabili ty_ideal _Sector Siut abili ty_2 - digit - Sect Siutabi lity_id eal_oc Siut abili ty_3 - digit -occ Afghanistan natio nal Natio nal 2 3 ISIC Rev.2 ISCO-08 Monthly - - - - Albania ISIC Rev.3 ISCO- 08 2 3 ISIC Rev.3 ISCO-08 Quarterly - - - - Algeria natio nal ISCO- 1968 3 corresp ondenc ISCO- 1968 Annually - - - - Argentina natio nal Natio nal 4 4 2 2 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-88 Quarterly Armenia NACE ISCO- 88 5 4 2 2 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-88 Monthly Australia Natio nal ISCO- 08 3 4 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Monthly - - - - Austria NACE ISCO- 08 4 4 3 4 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Quarterly Azerbaijan NACE ISCO- 08 2 2 ISIC Rev.3 ISCO-08 Quarterly - - - - Bahamas ISIC Rev.4 ISCO- 08 4 4 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 year - - - - Bahrain natio nal Natio nal 1 2 1 2 Irregularl Bangladesh ISIC Rev.3 Natio nal 2 2 2 2 ISIC Rev.3 ISCO-88 years Barbados natio nal Natio nal 1 1 1 1 ISIC Rev.2 ISCO- 1968 Quarterly Belarus natio nal Natio nal 4 4 ISIC Rev.3 ISCO-88 Quarterly - - - Belgium NACE ISCO- 08 3 4 2 4 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Quarterly Belize ISIC Rev.4 ISCO- 08 2 2 2 2 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 year 15 ICT Sector ICT specialist occupation 36 Economy Ind_c lass Occ_ class Ind _C _C ol Occ _C_ Ind _C _es Occ _C _es Coresp onden ce_ISIC Coresp ondenc e_ISCO Periodic ity Siutabili ty_ideal _Sector Siut abili ty_2 - digit - Sect Siutabi lity_id eal_oc Siut abili ty_3 - digit -occ Benin natio nal Natio nal ISIC Rev.3 ISCO-88 years - - - Bhutan ISIC Rev.3 ISCO- 88 4 4 ISIC Rev.3 ISCO-88 Annually - - - - Bolivia ISIC Rev.2 Natio nal 2 2 2 2 ISIC Rev.2 ISCO- 1968 Quarterly Bosnia Herzegovina ISIC Rev.3 ISCO- 88 4 3 ISIC Rev.3 ISCO-88 Annually - - - - Botswana ISIC Rev.3 ISCO- 88 4 3 ISIC Rev.3 ISCO-88 years - - - Brazil natio nal Natio nal 4 4 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Monthly - - - - Bulgaria NACE ISCO- 08 4 4 2 3 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Quarterly Burkina Faso natio nal Natio nal 2 2 2 2 ISIC Rev.3 ISCO-88 years Cambodia ISIC Rev.4 ISCO- 88 Annually - - - - Canada natio nal Natio nal 4 4 ISIC Rev.3 ISCO-88 Monthly - - - - Cape Verde ISIC Rev.4 ISCO- 08 4 4 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Annually - - - - Chad natio nal ISCO- 08 3 4 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 years - - - - Chile natio nal Natio nal 4 4 2 2 ISIC Rev.3 ISCO-88 Monthly China natio nal ISCO- 88 2 2 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-88 Annually - - - - Colombia Natio nall Natio nal 4 2 ISIC Rev.3 ISCO- 1968 Monthly - - - Congo ISIC Rev.2 ISCO- 88 4 3 ISIC Rev.2 ISCO-88 years - - - - Costa Rica natio nal Natio nal 4 4 2 2 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Quarterly 37 Economy Ind_c lass Occ_ class Ind _C _C ol Occ _C_ Ind _C _es Occ _C _es Coresp onden ce_ISIC Coresp ondenc e_ISCO Periodic ity Siutabili ty_ideal _Sector Siut abili ty_2 - digit - Sect Siutabi lity_id eal_oc Siut abili ty_3 - digit -occ Croatia NACE ISCO- 08 4 4 3 4 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Quarterly Cuba natio nal Natio nal 3 4 ISIC Rev.3 ISCO-88 Quarterly - - - - Cyprus NACE ISCO- 08 2 3 2 3 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Quarterly Czech Republic NACE ISCO- 08 4 4 3 4 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Quarterly Denmark NACE ISCO- 08 4 4 2 3 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Quarterly Djibouti natio nal ISCO- 88 3 3 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-88 Irregularl - - - - Dominican Republic ISIC Rev.3 ISCO- 88 3 3 ISIC Rev.3 year - - - - Ecuador ISIC Rev.4 ISCO- 08 4 4 1 1 Quarterly Egypt ISIC Rev.4 ISCO- 08 4 4 1 1 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Quarterly El Salvador natio nal ISCO- 88 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-88 Monthly - - - - Estonia NACE ISCO- 08 3 4 3 3 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Quarterly Ethiopia natio nal Natio nal 1 1 1 1 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-88 Irregularl Finland NACE ISCO- 08 4 4 3 4 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Quarterly France NACE ISCO- 08 3 4 3 4 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Quarterly French Guiana NACE Natio nal 4 4 ISIC Rev.4 Corresp ondence Annually - - - - Gabon ISIC Rev.3 ISCO- 08 4 4 ISIC Rev.3 ISCO-08 years - - - - Gambia natio nal Natio nal 1 1 1 1 ISIC Rev.2 ISCO- 1968 Irregularl Georgia natio nal ISCO- 88 4 4 1 1 ISIC Rev.3 ISCO-88 Quarterly Germany NACE ISCO- 08 3 4 3 4 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Quarterly Ghana ISIC Rev.3 ISCO- 08 4 4 1 1 ISIC Rev.3 ISCO-08 Irregularl 38 Economy Ind_c lass Occ_ class Ind _C _C ol Occ _C_ Ind _C _es Occ _C _es Coresp onden ce_ISIC Coresp ondenc e_ISCO Periodic ity Siutabili ty_ideal _Sector Siut abili ty_2 - digit - Sect Siutabi lity_id eal_oc Siut abili ty_3 - digit -occ Greece NACE ISCO- 08 3 3 3 3 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Quarterly Grenada ISIC Rev.4 ISCO- 08 4 4 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Irregularl - - - - Guadeloupe natio nal Natio nal 4 4 corresp ondenc Corresp ondence Annually - - - - Guam natio nal Natio nal corresp ondenc Corresp ondence Quarterly - - - - Guatemala natio nal Natio nal 2 2 2 2 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Annually Honduras natio nal Natio nal 1 1 1 1 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 year Hong Kong, China natio nal Natio nal 2 2 2 2 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-88 Monthly Hungary NACE ISCO- 08 3 4 3 4 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Quarterly Iceland NACE ISCO- 08 4 4 3 3 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Quarterly India natio nal Natio nal 3 4 2 2 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-88 Annually Indonesia ISIC Rev.4 ISCO- 08 3 3 ISCO-08 Quarterly - - - - Iran, Islamic Republic ISIC Rev.4 ISCO- 88 4 4 1 1 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-88 Quarterly Ireland NACE ISCO- 08 3 4 2 2 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Quarterly Israel ISIC Rev.4 ISCO- 88 3 3 3 3 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-88 Monthly Italy NACE ISCO- 08 4 4 3 4 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Quarterly Jamaica ISIC Rev.3 ISCO- 88 1 1 1 ISIC Rev.3 ISCO-88 Quarterly - - Japan natio nal Natio nal 2 2 2 2 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Monthly Jordan ISIC Rev.4 ISCO- 08 3 3 2 2 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Quarterly Kazakhstan NACE ISCO- 88 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-88 Quarterly - - - - Kenya ISIC Rev.3 ISCO- 88 4 3 ISIC Rev.3 ISCO-88 years - - - - 39 Economy Ind_c lass Occ_ class Ind _C _C ol Occ _C_ Ind _C _es Occ _C _es Coresp onden ce_ISIC Coresp ondenc e_ISCO Periodic ity Siutabili ty_ideal _Sector Siut abili ty_2 - digit - Sect Siutabi lity_id eal_oc Siut abili ty_3 - digit -occ Korea, Republic natio nal Natio nal 2 2 2 2 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Monthly Kuwait ISIC Rev.3 ISCO- 08 2 2 2 2 ISIC Rev.3 ISCO-08 Irregularl Lao People' Democratic Republic ISIC Rev.4 ISCO- 08 4 4 years - - - - Latvia NACE ISCO- 08 4 4 3 3 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Quarterly Lebanon ISIC Rev.3 ISCO- 88 1 1 1 1 ISIC Rev.3 ISCO-88 Irregularl Lesotho ISIC Rev.3 ISCO- 88 2 2 2 2 ISIC Rev.3 ISCO-88 Irregularl Liberia ISIC Rev.4 ISCO- 08 2 2 2 2 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 years Lithuania NACE ISCO- 08 4 4 3 4 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Quarterly Luxembourg NACE ISCO- 08 4 4 3 4 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Quarterly Macau, China natio nal Natio nal 5 4 2 2 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Monthly Macedonia, Yugoslav Republic NACE ISCO- 08 3 4 2 2 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Quarterly Malawi natio nal Natio nal 2 2 2 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 years - - Malaysia natio nal Natio nal 4 4 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Monthly - - - - Maldives ISIC Rev.3 ISCO- 88 4 4 years - - - - Mali natio nal Natio nal 4 4 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Annually - - - - Malta NACE ISCO- 08 4 4 3 4 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Quarterly Martinique natio nal Natio nal 2 2 2 2 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Annually Mauritius 4 4 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Quarterly - - - - 40 Economy Ind_c lass Occ_ class Ind _C _C ol Occ _C_ Ind _C _es Occ _C _es Coresp onden ce_ISIC Coresp ondenc e_ISCO Periodic ity Siutabili ty_ideal _Sector Siut abili ty_2 - digit - Sect Siutabi lity_id eal_oc Siut abili ty_3 - digit -occ natio nal Natio nal Mexico natio nal Natio nal 3 4 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Quarterly - - - - Moldova, Republic natio nal Natio nal 4 4 2 1 ISIC Rev.3 ISCO-88 Quarterly Mongolia ISIC Rev.4 ISCO- 08 4 4 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Monthly - - - Montenegro NACE Natio nal 4 4 1 1 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Quarterly Morocco natio nal Natio nal 4 4 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-88 Quarterly - - - - Mozambique natio nal Natio nal 4 3 ISIC Rev.3 ISCO-88 Annually - - - Namibia natio nal Natio nal 4 4 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-88 Annually - - - - Nepal natio nal Natio nal 1 1 1 1 corresp ondenc ISCO-88 Annually Netherlands NACE ISCO- 08 4 4 3 4 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Quarterly Zealand natio nal Natio nal 4 4 2 2 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Quarterly Nicaragua natio nal Natio nal 4 4 Quarterly - - - - Niger natio nal Natio nal 3 4 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 years - - - - Nigeria ISIC Rev.3 ISCO- 08 3 2 ISIC Rev.3 ISCO-08 - - - - Norway NACE ISCO- 08 3 4 3 4 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Quarterly Occupied Palestinian Territory ISIC Rev.3 ISCO- 88 1 1 1 1 ISIC Rev.3 ISCO-88 Quarterly Oman ISIC Rev.3 Natio ISIC Rev.3 Corresp ondence - - - - 41 Economy Ind_c lass Occ_ class Ind _C _C ol Occ _C_ Ind _C _es Occ _C _es Coresp onden ce_ISIC Coresp ondenc e_ISCO Periodic ity Siutabili ty_ideal _Sector Siut abili ty_2 - digit - Sect Siutabi lity_id eal_oc Siut abili ty_3 - digit -occ nal years Pakistan natio nal Natio nal 4 4 2 2 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Quarterly Panama natio nal Natio nal 4 4 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Annually - - - - Paraguay natio nal Natio nal 4 4 1 1 ISIC Rev.3 ISCO-88 Annually Peru ISIC Rev.4 ISCO- 88 4 3 2 2 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-88 Monthly Philippines natio nal Natio nal 4 4 2 2 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-88 Quarterly Poland NACE ISCO- 08 3 4 3 4 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Quarterly Portugal NACE ISCO- 08 3 4 3 4 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Quarterly Puerto Rico natio nal Natio nal 2 2 2 2 ISIC Rev.3 ISCO-88 Monthly Qatar ISIC Rev.4 ISCO- 88 4 4 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-88 Annually - - - - Reunion NACE Natio nal 4 4 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Annually - - - - Romania NACE ISCO- 08 4 4 3 4 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Quarterly Russian Federation natio nal Natio nal 4 4 2 2 ISIC Rev.3 ISCO-88 Monthly Rwanda natio nal Natio nal 4 3 4 3 ISIC Rev.3 ISCO-88 Irregularl Saudi Arabia natio nal Natio nal 4 4 1 1 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 year Senegal natio nal Natio nal 4 2 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-88 years - - - - Serbia natio nal Natio nal 4 4 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 year - - - - 42 Economy Ind_c lass Occ_ class Ind _C _C ol Occ _C_ Ind _C _es Occ _C _es Coresp onden ce_ISIC Coresp ondenc e_ISCO Periodic ity Siutabili ty_ideal _Sector Siut abili ty_2 - digit - Sect Siutabi lity_id eal_oc Siut abili ty_3 - digit -occ Seychelles ISIC Rev.3 ISCO- 88 1 2 1 2 ISIC Rev.3 ISCO-88 Irregularl Sierra Leone ISIC Rev.3 ISCO- 88 Irregularl - - - - Singapore natio nal Natio nal 3 4 1 2 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Quarterly Slovakia NACE ISCO- 08 4 4 3 4 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Quarterly Slovenia NACE ISCO- 08 3 4 2 4 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Quarterly South Africa ISIC Rev.4 ISCO- 08 4 4 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Quarterly - - - - Spain NACE ISCO- 08 3 3 3 4 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Quarterly Sri Lanka natio nal Natio nal 4 4 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Quarterly - - - - Sudan ISIC Rev.4 ISCO- 08 4 4 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Irregularl - - - - Sweden NACE ISCO- 08 4 4 3 4 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Quarterly Switzerland NACE ISCO- 08 4 4 3 4 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Quarterly Syrian Arab Republic natio nal Natio nal 4 4 1 1 ISIC Rev.3 ISCO-08 year Taiwan, China ISIC Rev.2 Natio nal 4 4 ISIC Rev.2 ISCO-88 Monthly - - - - Tajikistan natio nal Natio nal corresp ondenc ISCO-88 years - Tanzania, United Republic ISIC Rev.3 Natio nal 4 4 1 1 ISIC Rev.3 ISCO-88 years Thailand natio nal Natio nal 4 4 2 2 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Monthly Timor-Leste ISIC Rev.4 ISCO- 08 4 4 1 1 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Irregularl Tonga ISIC Rev.4 ISCO- 08 4 4 2 3 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Irregularl Trinidad Tobago ISIC Rev.3 ISCO- 88 ISIC Rev.3 ISCO-88 year - - - - Tunisia natio nal Natio nal 4 4 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-88 Quarterly - - - - 43 Economy Ind_c lass Occ_ class Ind _C _C ol Occ _C_ Ind _C _es Occ _C _es Coresp onden ce_ISIC Coresp ondenc e_ISCO Periodic ity Siutabili ty_ideal _Sector Siut abili ty_2 - digit - Sect Siutabi lity_id eal_oc Siut abili ty_3 - digit -occ Turkey NACE ISCO- 08 4 4 2 3 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Quarterly Uganda ISIC Rev.4 ISCO- 88 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-88 Annually - - - - Ukraine natio nal Natio nal 2 2 2 2 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-88 Monthly United Arab Emirates ISIC Rev.3 ISCO- 88 4 4 1 1 ISIC Rev.3 ISCO-88 Irregularl United Kingdom NACE ISCO- 08 4 4 3 4 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Quarterly United States natio nal Natio nal 4 4 3 4 ISIC Rev.3 Corresp ondence Monthly Uruguay natio nal Natio nal 4 4 ISIC Rev.3 ISCO-88 Monthly - - - - Viet Nam natio nal Natio nal 4 4 2 2 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 Monthly Yemen ISIC Rev.3 ISCO- 88 4 4 ISIC Rev.3 ISCO-88 Irregularl - - - - Zambia ISIC Rev.3 ISCO- 88 ISIC Rev.3 ISCO-88 Irregularl - - - - Zimbabwe ISIC Rev.4 ISCO- 08 4 4 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO-08 years - - - - 44 : 2. Suitability 16 establishment surveys sex-disaggregated ICT employment indicators economy Economy Ind_cl ass_es tb Occ_cl ass_es tb Coress p_ISIC_ Estb Coress p_ISCO _Estb Periodicit y_Estb Sex_ Disag _Estb Ind_C _Col_ Estb Occ_C _Col_ Estb Siutabilit y_ideal_ Sector Siuta bility _2- digit - Sect Siutabil ity_ide al_occ Siuta bility _3- digit -occ Afghanistan ISIC Rev.4 ISCO- 88 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO- 88 Irregularly 4 Albania NACE ISCO- 88 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO- 88 Quarterly Armenia Nation al ISCO- 88 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO- 88 Monthly 4 3 Australia Nation al ISCO- 88 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO- 88 years 4 4 Austria NACE ISIC Rev.4 years 4 Azerbaijan NACE ISCO- 08 ISIC Rev.3 ISCO- 08 Quarterly - - - - Bahrain Nation al Nation al Irregularly 1 1 Bangladesh Nation al ISIC Rev.4 4 Belarus Nation al Annually 4 Belgium NACE ISCO- 08 ISIC Rev.3 ISCO- 08 Annually 5 3 Bhutan ISIC Rev.3 ISCO- 08 ISIC Rev.3 ISCO- 08 Annually 2 1 - - - Bosnia Herzegovina Nation al ISIC Rev.4 Annually - - - - Botswana ISIC Rev.3 Nation al ISIC Rev.3 ISCO- 88 Quarterly 3 3 Brazil Nation al ISIC Rev.3 Irregularly 1 Bulgaria NACE ISCO- 08 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO- 08 Annually 4 1 Canada Nation al ISIC Rev.4 Monthly 4 Chile ISIC ISCO- ISIC ISCO- Monthly 1 1 16 ICT Sector ICT specialist occupation 45 Economy Ind_cl ass_es tb Occ_cl ass_es tb Coress p_ISIC_ Estb Coress p_ISCO _Estb Periodicit y_Estb Sex_ Disag _Estb Ind_C _Col_ Estb Occ_C _Col_ Estb Siutabilit y_ideal_ Sector Siuta bility _2- digit - Sect Siutabil ity_ide al_occ Siuta bility _3- digit -occ Rev.3 88 Rev.3 88 Colombia ISIC Rev.3 Nation al ISIC Rev.3 Corres ponden ce Annually 2 1 Croatia Nation al ISIC Rev.4 Monthly - - - - Cyprus Nation al ISIC Rev.4 Czech Republic NACE ISIC Rev.4 Annually 4 Denmark NACE Nation al ISIC Rev.4 ISCO- 08 Annually 4 4 Egypt ISIC Rev.4 ISCO- 88 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO- 88 1 1 Estonia NACE ISIC Rev.3 Quarterly 5 Finland NACE corresp ondenc years 4 France Nation al Nation al ISIC Rev.4 Quarterly 4 1 Georgia Nation al ISIC Rev.3 Quarterly 4 Germany ISIC Rev.4 ISIC Rev.4 Quarterly 3 Hungary NACE ISCO- 88 ISIC Rev.3 ISCO- 88 Monthly 4 India Nation al ISIC Rev.4 Annually 3 - - - - Indonesia ISIC Rev.3 Quarterly Iran, Islamic Republic ISIC Rev.4 ISIC Rev.4 Annually - - - - Ireland NACE Nation al ISIC Rev.3 Quarterly Israel ISIC Rev.3 ISCO- 88 ISIC Rev.3 ISCO- 88 Monthly 1 1 Italy NACE Nation al ISIC Rev.4 Monthly 3 1 46 Economy Ind_cl ass_es tb Occ_cl ass_es tb Coress p_ISIC_ Estb Coress p_ISCO _Estb Periodicit y_Estb Sex_ Disag _Estb Ind_C _Col_ Estb Occ_C _Col_ Estb Siutabilit y_ideal_ Sector Siuta bility _2- digit - Sect Siutabil ity_ide al_occ Siuta bility _3- digit -occ Jamaica Nation al ISIC Rev.3 Quarterly 1 Japan Nation al Nation al ISIC Rev.3 Corres ponden ce Annually 1 3 Jordan ISIC Rev.3 ISCO- 08 ISIC Rev.3 ISCO- 08 Annually 1 1 Kenya ISIC Rev.4 Nation al ISIC Rev.4 ISCO- 88 Irregularly 3 3 Korea, Republic Nation al ISIC Rev.4 Monthly 4 Kyrgyzstan Nation al Nation al ISIC Rev.3 ISCO- 88 Monthly 1 1 Latvia NACE Nation al ISIC Rev.4 ISCO- 08 Quarterly 3 4 Lithuania Nation al Nation al ISIC Rev.4 ISCO- 08 Quarterly 4 Macau, China Nation al Nation al ISIC Rev.4 ISCO- 08 Quarterly 3 2 Macedonia, Yugoslav Republic Monthly Madagascar Nation al Irregularly - - - - Malaysia Nation al ISIC Rev.4 Annually 3 Malta NACE ISCO- 88 ISIC Rev.3 ISCO- 88 Quarterly 1 1 Mauritius Nation al Nation al ISIC Rev.4 ISCO- 08 Quarterly 4 1 Mexico Nation al Nation al ISIC Rev.3 Corres ponden ce Annually 3 3 Moldova, Republic Nation Nation ISIC Rev.4 ISCO- 08 Annually 3 3 47 Economy Ind_cl ass_es tb Occ_cl ass_es tb Coress p_ISIC_ Estb Coress p_ISCO _Estb Periodicit y_Estb Sex_ Disag _Estb Ind_C _Col_ Estb Occ_C _Col_ Estb Siutabilit y_ideal_ Sector Siuta bility _2- digit - Sect Siutabil ity_ide al_occ Siuta bility _3- digit -occ al al Montenegro NACE ISIC Rev.4 Monthly - - - - Morocco Nation al Monthly Nepal Nation al corresp ondenc years 4 - - - - Netherlands NACE ISIC Rev.4 Monthly 4 Zealand Nation al ISIC Rev.4 Quarterly 1 Niger ISIC Rev.3 ISIC Rev.3 - - - - Norway NACE ISIC Rev.2 years 4 Panama Nation al ISIC Rev.3 Irregularly 1 Peru ISIC Rev.3 Quarterly Philippines Nation al Nation al ISIC Rev.3 ISCO- 88 - - - - Poland Nation al Nation al ISIC Rev.4 ISCO- 08 Annually 4 4 Portugal NACE ISIC Rev.4 year 4 Puerto Rico Nation al Nation al corresp ondenc Corres ponden ce year 1 1 Qatar ISIC Rev.3 ISCO- 88 ISIC Rev.3 ISCO- 88 years Romania Nation al Nation al ISIC Rev.4 ISCO- 08 Annually 4 4 Russian Federation Nation al ISIC Rev.3 Rwanda ISIC Rev.3 ISIC Rev.3 Irregularly 2 Saint Lucia Annually 48 Economy Ind_cl ass_es tb Occ_cl ass_es tb Coress p_ISIC_ Estb Coress p_ISCO _Estb Periodicit y_Estb Sex_ Disag _Estb Ind_C _Col_ Estb Occ_C _Col_ Estb Siutabilit y_ideal_ Sector Siuta bility _2- digit - Sect Siutabil ity_ide al_occ Siuta bility _3- digit -occ Saint Vincent Grenadines Samoa ISIC Rev.3 ISIC Rev.3 Irregularly 2 Saudi Arabia ISIC Rev.3 ISIC Rev.3 Annually 1 Singapore Nation al Nation al ISIC Rev.4 ISCO- 08 Quarterly 4 1 Slovakia Nation al ISIC Rev.4 Annually 4 - - - - Slovenia ISIC Rev.4 ISCO- 08 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO- 08 Monthly 4 4 South Africa ISIC Rev.3 ISIC Rev.3 Quarterly Spain Nation al ISIC Rev.4 Quarterly - - - - Sri Lanka ISIC Rev.3 Nation al ISIC Rev.3 Corres ponden ce Annually 2 2 Sweden Nation al Nation al ISIC Rev.4 ISCO- 88 Annually 4 4 Switzerland Nation al ISIC Rev.4 Quarterly 4 Syrian Arab Republic Tajikistan Nation al corresp ondenc Monthly Tanzania, United Republic ISIC Rev.4 ISIC Rev.4 Annually 4 Thailand ISIC Rev.3 ISIC Rev.3 Tunisia Nation al Nation al ISIC Rev.4 years 1 1 Turkey NACE ISCO- 08 ISIC Rev.4 ISCO- 08 years 4 4 Ukraine ISIC Rev.3 ISIC Rev.3 4 United Arab Emirates ISIC Rev.3 ISCO- 88 ISIC Rev.3 ISCO- 88 Irregularly 4 4 United Kingdom ISIC Rev.4 ISCO- 08 Annually 4 49 Economy Ind_cl ass_es tb Occ_cl ass_es tb Coress p_ISIC_ Estb Coress p_ISCO _Estb Periodicit y_Estb Sex_ Disag _Estb Ind_C _Col_ Estb Occ_C _Col_ Estb Siutabilit y_ideal_ Sector Siuta bility _2- digit - Sect Siutabil ity_ide al_occ Siuta bility _3- digit -occ Nation al Nation al United States ISIC Rev.3 ISCO- 88 ISIC Rev.3 ISCO- 88 year 2 4 Viet Nam Irregularly 1 : 3. Sample sizes sample fractions Economy LFS/Household Survey Establishment Survey Sample size 17 Sample Fraction (%) Sample size 18 Sample Fraction (%) Afghanistan 21000 0.1 1821 100 Albania 11826 1.2 - - Algeria 16000 - - - Angola 618 14.3 - - Argentina 23888 - - - Armenia 7872 0.2 4140 42 Australia 29000 0.33 9000 1 Austria 22500 0.6 7364 17.9 Azerbaijan - 0.2 19691 87.3 Bahamas 2700 - - - Bahrain 8414 - 1200 80 Bangladesh 43945 - 8429 19.7 Barbados 1800 2 - - Belgium 14625 0.3 - 17 Benin 18000 - - - Bhutan 6000 4.6 7162 95 Bolivia 8532 - - - Bosnia Herzegovina 10541 - - - Botswana 9760 2.4 - - Brazil 211344 0.4 - - Bulgaria 19504 0.65 - 100 Burkina Faso 8500 - - - Cambodia 12000 0.4 - - Cameroon 8160 - - - Canada 56000 0.4 15000 1.2 17 Number households survey periodicity 18 Number establishments 50 Chile 35788 0.7 1675 26.5 Colombia 24970 0.4 - - Congo 3072 - - - Costa Rica 555497 1.3 - - Cote 'Ivoire 2660 - - - Croatia 4200 0.3 - - Cyprus 3750 0.5 - - Czech Republic 33900 0.6 24530 9.75 Denmark 40000 0.9 - - Djibouti 16416 48.2 - - Dominican Republic 9952 - - - Ecuador 21768 5.3 - - Egypt 21352 3 - 10 El Salvador 19968 1.1 - - Estonia 3000 0.7 - - Ethiopia 54484 - - - Fiji 2902 - - - Finland - 0.9 - - France 67500 0.25 34000 16 French Guiana 952 4 - - Gambia 1280 - - - Georgia 3384 0.3 13000 20.8 Germany 82500 1 40500 7.7 Greece 30600 0.73 - - Guadeloupe 20000 - - - Guam 1800 12.5 - - Guatemala 4000 0.1 - - Honduras 21490 - - - Hong Kong, China 9000 0.4 - - Hungary 37710 0.92 - - Iceland 4030 1.9 - - India 40000 0.02 61866 17 Indonesia 50000 - 3159 - Iran, Islamic Republic 46764 0.27 - - Iraq 18144 - - - Ireland 39000 - 7500 4 Israel 12000 0.7 4600 - Italy 77920 0.3 - - Jamaica 7648 1.5 1102 - Japan 40000 0.1 78000 - Jordan 13360 1.4 6687 45 51 Kazakhstan 21000 0.5 - - Kenya 13430 - 43556 - Korea, Republic 32000 0.2 28000 - Kuwait 10891 3.4 - - Lao People' Democratic Republic 8092 - - - Latvia 6032 0.68 7605 10.7 Lebanon 14948 - - - Lesotho 12000 - - - Liberia 6312 0.9 - - Lithuania 8000 0.5 7214 12.4 Luxembourg 1950 0.98 - - Macau, China 1400 2.25 1782 25.2 Macedonia, Yugoslav Republic 5000 0.91 - - Madagascar 11781 - 8000 - Malawi 12288 0.4 - - Malaysia 8000 1.6 - - Mali 7200 - - - Malta 3200 2.25 - - Martinique 2300 1.7 - - Mauritius 11280 3 460 17 Mexico 120261 0.4 - - Moldova, Republic 4000 0.3 8394 43.5 Montenegro 10920 - - 100 Morocco 60000 1 121423 - Mozambique 17800 - - - Namibia 9108 - - - Nepal 3000 - 4076 100 Netherlands 40000 - - - Zealand 15000 1 7772 4 Nicaragua 7470 - - - Niger 4074 - 150 10.4 Nigeria 22200 - - - Norway 12000 0.9 4200 - Occupied Palestinian Territory 7800 1.1 - - Oman 11000 - - - Pakistan 12420 0.2 - - Panama 19968 - - - Paraguay 6624 0.32 - - Peru 22640 0.31 1123 - Philippines 44410 0.29 6780 0.9 Poland 27189 0.2 27200 13 52 Portugal 22554 0.6 6952 2 Puerto Rico 7000 0.7 3500 10 Qatar 6920 3.3 2420 - Reunion 20000 - - - Romania 28080 0.38 22100 4.78 Russian Federation 69000 0.06 - - Rwanda 5510 - 1930 18 Samoa - - 150 17.9 Saudi Arabia 2300 0.58 25000 5 Senegal 20000 - - - Serbia 18616 0.73 - - Seychelles 1500 5 - - Sierra Leone 3720 - - - Singapore 33000 3 3600 24 Slovakia 9720 0.6 - - Slovenia - 0.8 51000 100 South Africa 31000 6 22000 - Spain 65000 0.4 12700 - Sri Lanka 22500 - 6000 28 Sweden - 1 11800 5 Switzerland - 90 65000 16 Syrian Arab Republic 16200 - - - Taiwan, China 20300 0.3 - - Tanzania, United Republic 18520 - 3356 - Thailand 79560 0.53 - - Timor-Leste 4665 2.2 - - Tonga 2121 - - - Trinidad Tobago 3200 1.5 - - Tunisia - - 4000 24 Turkey 37550 0.23 - 7 Uganda 6800 - - - Ukraine 49944 0.33 50300 40.2 United Arab Emirates 11024 1.8 6374 3 United Kingdom 55000 0.33 - - United States 60000 0.06 - - Uruguay 50000 4.5 - - Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic 65745 - - - Zambia 11000 - - - Zimbabwe 10014 - - UN CTA UNITED NATIONS UNCTAD Technical Notes ICT Development 01. Implications Applying Definition «ICT Goods», 2011 02. Updating Partnership Definition ICT Goods HS 2007 HS 2012, January 2014 03. International Trade ICT Services ICT-enabled Services: Proposed Indicators Partnership Measuring ICT Development, October 2015 04. Global Assessment Sex-disaggregated ICT Employment Statistics: Data Availability Challenges Measurement Compilation, December 2015 05. Trade ICT Goods 2015 Expansion WTO Information Technology Agreement, December 2015 information UNCTAD› work ICT Development contact: ICT Analysis Section Division Tehcnology Logistics www.unctad.org/ict4d ict4d@unctad.org Follow Twitter: @ICT4DatUNCTAD Cover_TN_ICT4D_04 TN_UNCTAD_ICT4D_04_ICT Employment rev 11 dec2015 cover template TN_ICT4D5