Transport Newsletter, No. 72, Fourth Quarter 2016

UNCTAD TransporT Trade faciliTaTion newsleTTer °72 - foUrTH QUarTer 2016 1 Trade LogisTics Branch, division TechnoLogy LogisTics . 72 - Fourth Quarter 2016IN THIS ISSUE , TraNSporT & TraDE FaCILITaTIoN NEWSLETTEr WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement entry force - �������������������������������2 Trade Sudan cheaper quicker ‘Trade Roadmap’ adopted ���������4 ILO revised code practice safety health ports �������������������������������6 multilingual online repository NTFC launched ����������������������������������������������������8 Shipping efficient ������������������������������������������������������������������������10 trade facilitation provisions regional trade agreements matter ������������������12 2017 UN Global survey trade facilitation paperless trade implementation �������13 Maritime Logistics profile Latin America Caribbean �����������������������������14 Reflections future ports �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������15 TMEA Project results Uganda �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������17 Trilateral cooperation trade transportation EURASIA �����������������������������19 study: Air cargo: Air transport Global chains �����������������������������20 Digital collaborative network ports Latin America Caribbean �������21 Publications �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������24 Events �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������24 2 UNCTAD TransporT Trade faciliTaTion newsleTTer °72 - foUrTH QUarTer 2016 Trade Facilitation agreement glance Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) World Trade Organization (WTO) sets measures expediting movement, release clearance goods borders, reducing related costs. obligations entry Force 13 January 2017, 106 WTO members deposited instruments acceptance WTO Secretariat. additional ratifications needed bring Trade Facilitation Agreement imminent effect. entry force Agreement, WTO Members ratified , developed, developing countries developed countries, supposed place national trade facilitation committee responsible coordination implementation Trade Facilitation Agreement. entry force Trade Facilitation Agreement, developing countries ratified Agreement obligation undertake steps: entry force Trade Facilitation agreement imminent. ratifications needed. developing countries ratified ratify agreement entry force results important obligations. WTo TraDE FaCILITaTIoN agrEEmENT ENTry INTo ForCE – WHaT NExT - notification provisions designated Category - Implementation measures designated Category - notification provisions Category indicative dates implementation impact UncTad Trade Facilitation assistance UNCTAD long-standing expertise experience trade facilitation technical assistance capacity-building support Members, including establishment national trade transport facilitation committees, gap analysis assessments, trade facilitation roadmaps, transit agreements customs automation UNCTAD Automated System Customs Data (ASYCUDA) programme, Trade Portals. 2016, UNCTAD launched Empowerment Programme National Trade Facilitation Committees, intensive professional training Secretariat members national trade facilitation committees. main objective information contact Pamela Ugaz (pamela.ugaz@ unctad.org) Trade Logistics Branch implement, coordinated manner, trade facilitation reforms, including provisions WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement. Fifteen developing countries developed countries conducting Empowerment Programme. UNCTAD date assisted 45 developing countries developed countries conduct gap analysis elaborate 135 project proposals implementation specific Trade Facilitation Agreement’ measures. addition, UNCTAD supported successful establishment 15 national trade facilitation committees East African Community, Latin America, Western Africa Asia. , programme member countries secretariat East African Community good sustainable technical assistance capacity building. mailto:jan.hoffmann@unctad.org mailto:jan.hoffmann@unctad.org UNCTAD TransporT Trade faciliTaTion newsleTTer °72 - foUrTH QUarTer 2016 3 4 UNCTAD TransporT Trade faciliTaTion newsleTTer °72 - foUrTH QUarTer 2016 Seeking ways boost economy, East African nation Sudan aims remove unnecessary costs reduce time trade borders 40%, boosting exports 25% 2021, plan launched Sudan Working Group Trade Facilitation December 2016. plan includes making easier Sudan trade 10 key products representing Sudan’ exports: cotton, gum Arabic, sesame, groundnuts, Hibiscus flowers, senna pods, livestock, meat, fruit vegetables, hides skins. exports worth $1.5 billion 2015. 31 actions included National Trade Facilitation Roadmap 2017–2021 drafted assistance UNCTAD. plan, sudan country complete UncTad’ empowerment Programme national Trade Facilitation committees, aims boost gdP improve county’ standing international logistics rankings: sudan 184 189 countries World Bank’ Trading Borders index 2016. TraDE WITH SUDaN maDE CHEapEr aND qUICkEr aS ‘TraDE roaDmap’ IS aDopTED member World Trade Organization (WTO), Sudan intends roadmap implementing 70% measures included WTO’ Trade Facilitation Agreement aims streamline cross-border trade world. “ image 2011,” chairman Sudan Working Group Trade Facilitation, Brigadier Ali Giddo Adam, . “ group, understand implications measures negotiated WTO… , changed, Empowerment Programme, set national experts support mainstreaming trade facilitation Sudan’ policies,” . information contact Arantzazu Sanchez (arantzazu. sanchez@unctad.org), Trade Logistics Branch UNCTAD support Sudan takes place cooperation World Customs Organization (WCO) financed Majesty’ Revenue Customs (HMRC) United Kingdom part HMRC- WCO-UNCTAD Capacity Building programme. UNCTAD’ Empowerment Programme National Trade Facilitation Committees implemented 10 African countries. mailto:arantzazu.sanchez@unctad.org mailto:arantzazu.sanchez@unctad.org UNCTAD TransporT Trade faciliTaTion newsleTTer °72 - foUrTH QUarTer 2016 5 6 UNCTAD TransporT Trade faciliTaTion newsleTTer °72 - foUrTH QUarTer 2016 meeting attended experts nominated : Employers’ group, Workers’ group, Governments. meeting open governments interested attend observers. addition, relevant international organizations international NGOs, including UNCTAD, invited attend observers. purpose meeting revise update text ILO Code Practice Safety Health Ports, adopted 2003. revision due advancements technology, align provisions Code conventions instruments adopted , address provide guidance technical issues. Discussions based draft revised version Code (MESHP/2016), prepared ILO Secretariat. text Code detailed long (300 pages), provisions highly technical, volume issues considered meeting large. Revisions updates provisions Code, including related : design occupational safety health (OSH) management systems adapted nature port work; hazard identification risk assessments; safety health committees representatives; reporting investigation incidents; selection training port workers; port infrastructure, plant equipment; Meeting experts adopt revised code Practice safety health Ports held international Labour organization (iLo) geneva 21-30 november 2016. THE ILo rEvISED CoDE oF praCTICE oN SaFETy aND HEaLTH IN porTS safe lifting appliances loose gear; operations shore afloat; dangerous goods, notification port authority goods brought port area; general requirements protect port workers health hazards arise work activities. provisions introduced related women working ports, develop gender-sensitive occupational safety health policies programmes, communicable diseases, including HIV AIDS, aimed eliminating prejudice discrimination, providing support confidence port workers living HIV. Amendments provide clean, dry smoke free personnel welfare facilities times port workers area work, personal protective equipment provide supplementary protection exposure hazardous conditions. addition, revisions arrangements types emergencies arise port areas, shore ships, including emergency arrangements injuries ill health, rescue, property damage, fire, cargo spillage, falls water, failure services electricity communications, severe weather natural hazards, detailed emergency planning equipment. Environmental protection policies port activities, based port authorities promote sustainable development exercise control activities, addressed. Environmental aspects port operations include emissions air, marine pollution, land contamination, nuisance community issues noise, dust, odours, waste management. provision Code environmental protection, effective public relations established port authority, port employers, port workers local community, order ensure community aware issues affecting , port authority / employers port workers representatives account community concerns. revised Code, adopted consensus 30 November 2016, introduces significant enhancements existing set rules 2003 version. considered complete manual countries world establish improve standards safety health ports, avoiding events incidents occurring creating safer workplace environment. -binding nature, provisions expected interpreting related national laws, rules regulations, serve guide formulation adoption , development national policies programmes. ultimately contribute ensuring decent working conditions port workers world, part core mandate ILO. speaker, revised Code serve guide countries developed infrastructure ports. speaker suggested technical nature complexity UNCTAD TransporT Trade faciliTaTion newsleTTer °72 - foUrTH QUarTer 2016 7 documentation relating meeting, visit: http://www.ilo.org/sector/ activities/sectoral-meetings/ WCMS_490115/lang--en/index. htm information, contact Anila Premti, (anila. premti@unctad.org), Trade Logistics Branch Code, ILO possibility developing implementation plan, include international conferences / training programmes, ensure Code implemented effectively worldwide. ILO secretariat opportunity briefly introduce ongoing Port Worker Development Programme, aimed helping governments, port authorities, private port operators training institutes establish effective port worker training schemes, designed improve cargo-handling performance, working conditions practices, safety, status welfare port workers, invited interested participants request information . ILO conventions, codes practice, relevant instruments play important role global maritime sector regulatory regime, ensuring decent working living conditions seafarers port workers world, developing countries. UNCTAD consultations activities related reviews updates instruments, reports part annual Review Maritime Transport. http://www.ilo.org/sector/activities/sectoral-meetings/WCMS_490115/lang--en/index.htm http://www.ilo.org/sector/activities/sectoral-meetings/WCMS_490115/lang--en/index.htm http://www.ilo.org/sector/activities/sectoral-meetings/WCMS_490115/lang--en/index.htm http://www.ilo.org/sector/activities/sectoral-meetings/WCMS_490115/lang--en/index.htm mailto:anila.premti@unctad.org mailto:anila.premti@unctad.org 8 UNCTAD TransporT Trade faciliTaTion newsleTTer °72 - foUrTH QUarTer 2016 exciting time trade Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA), incidentally WTO multilateral trade agreement concluded organization’ creation, proposed December 2013 part Bali negotiations, subsequently revised signed WTO members November 2014. enter force -thirds signatories submitted ratification instrument WTO. exciting time stakeholders international trade agreement standardize imminent entry force WTo’ Trade Facilitation agreement, UncTad, collaboration iTc Unece, launches multilingual version online repository national Trade Facilitation bodies. NEW mULTILINgUaL oNLINE rEpoSITory NaTIoNaL TraDE FaCILITaTIoN CommITTEES LaUNCHED expedite global supply chains. expected reduce trade costs 14.5% expand global trade trillion dollars annually, thirds gains developing countries . Included Agreement Article 23.2, signing members committed creation National Trade Facilitation Committee (NTFC) responsible facilitating domestic coordination implementation provisions agreement. article specifically created enhance private-public dialogue ensure trade facilitation reforms adopted holistic inclusive . , experience shows establishing maintaining National Trade Facilitation Committee easy sounds. Challenges lack awareness part participants, rotation stakeholders lack funds, tip iceberg. , increasing policy makers experiences National Trade Facilitation Committees. Learning crucial achieving full potential, complex multilingual international trading environment, communication challenge. role international organizations negotiating table. UNCTAD TransporT Trade faciliTaTion newsleTTer °72 - foUrTH QUarTer 2016 9 online repository national Trade Facilitation committees effort enhance transparency free flow information, UNCTAD, collaboration ITC UNECE, created Online Repository National Trade Facilitation Bodies (http://unctad.org/tfc); online platform promulgating information National Trade Facilitation Committees. underlining objective compile data NTFCs globe single standardized repertoire expedite research comparisons. UNCTAD gathering NTFCs country cases 2008, 2013 interactive repository launched. exciting step, partners launched multilingual version (.. English, French, Spanish) repository, 130 country cases. interactive map shows users NTFCs formally established legal instruments decrees, ministerial decisions, terms references, . repository covers wide range topics including scope organization, motivations establishment, frequency meetings, membership, lessons learned, . significantly, repository contact information individual committees, allowing interested parties acquire additional information straight source. Users retrieve national cases comparison NTFCs countries. website expanded include additional trade facilitation resources technical notes, recommendations guidelines developing National Trade Facilitation Committees. library resources NTFCs includes UNCTAD tools, documents UN Economic Commission Europe International Trade Center. organizations cooperate UNCTAD maintenance repository delivery Empowerment Programme National Trade Facilitation Committees. UNCTAD’ Empowerment Programme National Trade Facilitation Committees, UN Repository, intensive professional programme Secretariat NTFCs members, assists implementation coordination trade facilitation reforms including WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement. programme based UNCTAD’ 40 years expertise supporting establishment trade facilitation bodies developing countries. Finally, website’ newest upgrade includes translation French Spanish, 40 country translations . latest effort parallels UNCTAD’ dedication diffusion information enabling greater number traders, investors government officials benefit United Nations’ resources. Article written Bruna Gaspar. information contact Arantzazu Sanchez (arantzazu. sanchez@unctad.org), Trade Logistics Branch http://unctad.org/tfc mailto:arantzazu.sanchez@unctad.org mailto:arantzazu.sanchez@unctad.org http://unctad.org/tfc 10 UNCTAD TransporT Trade faciliTaTion newsleTTer °72 - foUrTH QUarTer 2016 launch Review Maritime Transport 2016 7 Novemeber 2016, sat Dirk Vande Velde, chief sustainable development officer Mediterranean Shipping Company, discuss strategies overcoming challenges highlighted Review making shipping sustainable. : MSC' strategy overcome challenges facing shipping industry, overcapacity freight rates : analysts larger ships led carrying capacity industry, driving industry earnings. : challenge efficiency perspective. optimize ships trading routes : vessel slot charter agreements companies, optimize space ships. ' limiting port calls & dirk vande velde (7 november 2016) Mediterranean shipping company’ chief sustainable development officer SHIppINg NEEDS bE morE EFFICIENT ' emptying filling ships stop. : strategies developing countries : Optimizing shipping lines routes Africa, Asia Latin America means ports regions improve performance, requires training human skills development, bigger efficient terminals. , Port Lomé Togo, means MSC investments container terminal, create jobs port activities connected port, land transport logistics. investments boost port' attractiveness industries set activities Africa. Optimized routes cut transport costs, leading prices imports exports benefit consumers producers. cocoa trade -- cocoa season started month West Africa. Small farmers produce 90% cocoa carry. transport costs West African cocoa small farmers' crops competitive international markets. : COP22 meeting week November 2016 Marrakesh put focus shipping emissions, sector regulated Paris Agreement climate change. MSC shipping sustainable : efforts reduce greenhouse emissions focused key elements control - ships cargo. newer vessels built G95 engines, , compliant industry standards fuel consumption effect 2020-2025. 've fit 133 vessels equipment connect onshore power networks, allowing shut diesel engines generators docked, cutting emissions port. cargo, 've developed automated stowage system eliminate human error stowing dangerous cargo, act immediately case emergency. emergency response management system fast flexible reduce impact people environment. year picked top award greenest ship year International Green Shipping Awards Rotterdam. : MSC' sustainability work benefit developing countries : search alternative energy supplies benefit developing countries, great potential producers renewable energy solar, wind geothermal. MSC offices world provide financial support staff time develop programmes local communities, sports programmes -privileged children Brazil early childhood development programmes South Africa, . apprenticeship programme young people UNCTAD TransporT Trade faciliTaTion newsleTTer °72 - foUrTH QUarTer 2016 11 -privileged communities, offer job opportunities -year training period. years 've developed 115 training courses, employees, including hundreds offices developing countries. : role United Nations playing efforts cut shipping emissions : reliable independent data, specialized UN agencies important role play. hundreds organizations working sustainability indicators shipping, methodology, times incompatible. UN standardize indicators, ' comparing apples apples. organizations UNCTAD meetings publications highlight practices concrete results, give visibility. instance, industry , view, attention potential shore power supply cut ship emissions port area. , 133 ships equipped, ports call . http://unctad.org/en/ pages/newsdetails. aspxOriginalVersionID=1375 http://unctad.org/en/pages/newsdetails.aspxOriginalVersionID=1375 http://unctad.org/en/pages/newsdetails.aspxOriginalVersionID=1375 http://unctad.org/en/pages/newsdetails.aspxOriginalVersionID=1375 12 UNCTAD TransporT Trade faciliTaTion newsleTTer °72 - foUrTH QUarTer 2016 scope depth bilateral regional preferential trade agreements (RTAs) negotiated 15 years expanded traditional market access preferential tariffs include provisions wide range issues, including trade facilitation. ARTNeT working paper, authors attempt measuring extent RTA provisions related featured WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) contribute reducing trade costs. TFA-related provisions RTAs statistically significant impact bilateral trade costs RTA members, inclusion provisions RTAs systematically result implementation. Aid Trade Facilitation measures Freedom Transit provisions effective reducing trade costs members types trade yann duval, nora neufeld chorthip Utoktham TraDE FaCILITaTIoN provISIoNS IN rEgIoNaL TraDE agrEEmENTS maTTEr facilitation measures. Importantly, discriminatory (preferential) effect trade facilitation provisions RTAs accompanied -discriminatory reduction trade costs trade partners. Multilateral spillovers trade facilitation measures RTAs trade costs exceed discriminatory effects years RTA’ entry force, highlighting complementarity regional global trade facilitation initiatives. WTO TFA enter force early 2017, trade policy makers negotiators ambitious type trade facilitation provisions measures include RTAs, order RTAs provide members continuous leadership streamlining trade procedures. Governments cases implementing trade facilitation measures unilaterally, attention future RTAs trade facilitation measures require close cooperation members implemented, -stop border crossings cross-border electronic exchange trade data documents. initiatives place Asia-Pacific region, including ASEAN Single Window Framework Agreement Facilitation Cross-Border Paperless Trade Asia Pacific, promising regard. details, ARTNeT Working Paper . 164/2016 : http://www.unescap.org/sites/default/ files/AWP . 164F.pdf information, contact Yann Duval, Chief (duvaly@ .org), Trade Facilitation Unit, Trade, Investment Innovation Division, UNESCAP. http://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/AWP%20No.%20164F.pdf http://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/AWP%20No.%20164F.pdf mailto:duvaly@.org mailto:duvaly@.org UNCTAD TransporT Trade faciliTaTion newsleTTer °72 - foUrTH QUarTer 2016 13 build success Global Survey jointly conducted United Nations Regional Commissions collaboration large group partners including UNCTAD, OECD, International Trade Centre (ITC), Oceania Customs Organization (OCO) El Sistema Económico Latino Americano del Caribe (SELA) 2015. information Global Survey https://unnext. unescap.org/content/global-survey- trade-facilitation--paperless-trade- implementation-2015. Survey support implementation WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement emerging regional global initiatives paperless trade global survey Trade Facilitation Paperless Trade implementation commences January 2017 UpDaTE oF UN gLobaL SUrvEy oN TraDE FaCILITaTIoN aND papErLESS TraDE ImpLEmENTaTIoN LaUNCHED -trade, Framework Agreement Facilitation Cross- Border Paperless Trade Asia Pacific. scope Survey remain broadly 2015, increased focus measures importance SMEs agricultural sector. Results expected provide information policy makers harness trade key means implementation 2030 Agenda Sustainable Development. Data collection place January 2017 March 2017. Partnership key success Global Survey, strengthened Global Survey. regard, interested international organizations including regional subregional organizations, industry associations, academia, research institutes stakeholders join initiative. information, contact Yann Duval, Chief (duvaly@.org), / Tengfei Wang, Economic Affairs Officer (wangt@.org); Trade Facilitation Unit, Trade, Investment Innovation Division, UNESCAP. UNCTAD focal point: Bismark.Sitorus@unctad.org https://unnext.unescap.org/content/global https://unnext.unescap.org/content/global mailto:duvaly@.org mailto:wangt@.org mailto:Bismark.Sitorus@unctad.org 14 UNCTAD TransporT Trade faciliTaTion newsleTTer °72 - foUrTH QUarTer 2016 http://perfil.cepal.org UNCTAD TransporT Trade faciliTaTion newsleTTer °72 - foUrTH QUarTer 2016 15 authors participated 25th Latin American congress Ports Merida, Mexico. opportunity develop article information collected public private sector. original paper Spanish http://bit.ly/2hlmLi2 innovation key element long- term development valuable competitive resource. give special importance innovation manage companies, ports, terminals, infrastructure services authorities ports rest logistics chain located. highly competitive, changing uncertain world, willingness change implement innovation strategies key adaptation, sustainable development success markets meeting common objectives Society State. Change fosters innovation vice versa. areas. set, elements correspond objects innovation, exogenous . reflections developed 6 main areas change innovation : - Cultural - Environmental climate - Governmental - Geographical territorial - Commercial - Technological cultural change innovation Cultural change important barriers innovation. Cultural essential factors innovation adaptation processes order face increasing environmental, social labor challenges increasing volatility. social level, innovation, reinforcement technological knowledge successful performance terms labor social relations productivity, competitiveness efficiency. order face innovation challenges, important mind potential current limits training port manager, workers authorities. required abilities updated prepare face coming challenges industry. importance environmental climate considerations ports increase coming years, Agenda 2030 Sustainable Development Objectives strengthened, environmental care fight climate change increasing substantive importance agenda ports future. location coastal edge, interface sea-land economic social role, ports responsibility task protect prepare face effects climate change. order reduce carbon footprint, technological change play central role, ports move climate resilience Rotterdam carbon neutral program 2050, . Ports revolutionize operations sustainable activities. includes energy efficiency strategies, reducing carbon footprint, local pollutants emissions, reducing water footprint managing waste. supply chain, adequate internalization external costs general objective. region majority ports operate vicinity cities agglomerations population, negative external effects (emissions, noise, congestion) direct repercussions population. governance public-private, social labour relations innovation social capital significant element, innovation cooperation extended port community, authorities, account workers economic social factors. public private sectors tools promote develop technological knowledge innovative, productive organizational performance workers, companies authorities. aims competitive global position good reactivity face regulation . labor relations adapt environment, essential prepare workers change innovation exposing framework transformations roles . context, includes training actions, reviewed ante. change port governance , future, context governance infrastructure services, including integrated sustainable policies. , governance integration logistics chain comprehensive sustainable public policy, based integrated systemic vision, possibly requiring design policy instruments. important update align institutional framework challenges future design - defined institutional framework details scope action state private sector. framework stable adequate face propose norms legislation foster port business activity. “integrated systemic approach, including integration hinterland, logistics, production, modes transport”. foster performance, efficiency, productivity competitiveness. improvement bureaucratic tax procedures occur benefit commercial operations. Automation interconnectivity rationalization acceleration administrative procedures, due standardization common practices. refinement, paper adoption single window part bureaucratic vision port operation. terms taxes, fiscal policies promote investments expansion innovation simplify tax procedures, lead high transaction costs. , opportunities combine competition cooperation, objective sharing transparent data information, common strategies maintenance purchase inputs, promotion services, ., detriment natural vocation competition ports. greater cooperation required ports knowledge centers order promote innovation contribute expansion port productivity efficiency. , innovation reach city-port relationship . achieve , permanent dialogue, unique strategic framework planning consolidates strengthens port- city relationship opportunities. geographical territorial world moving consolidation port hierarchy. , rEFLECTIoNS oN THE FUTUrE oF porTS future innovations order face coming port industry http://bit.ly/2hlmLi2 16 UNCTAD TransporT Trade faciliTaTion newsleTTer °72 - foUrTH QUarTer 2016 information, contact Ricardo . ánchez (ricardo. sanchez@eclac.org), Officer Charge, Division Natural Resources Infrastructure Lara Mouftier (lara.mouftier@ eclac.org), Research Assistant, Infrastructure Unit, Economic commission Latin America Caribbean (ECLAC) major ports served hubs longer direct services. , port community opportunity rethink national regional port system, secondary ports acquire greater importance diversification activities. improve logistics territory integration foreland hinterland. hinterland economic attraction zone port represents physical functional link logistics, transport distribution networks. integration requires continuous investment port facilities connections. presents challenges coordination management market players. case considered “growth” “structural transformation” . relocation ports current trend consolidate future. relocation ports port life cycle regenerated. occurs limits rationalization, investment access reached. , appears externalities generated environment congested roads, railways infrastructure. difficulty handle increasing volumes demand transport. leads ports -called location splitting process, relocation port facilities. geostrategic radical change affect demand maritime port services imply regional balance current . uncertainty relates initiatives Belt, Road, TPP expansion major arteries (Panama Canal Suez Canal), . , opportunities emerging markets, notable expansion consumer classes developed countries. commercial area context port activity current trends strategies market players deepen . future, shipped commodities final products affected industrial, technological geopolitical . , form distribution change , instance, -commerce. , commercial business strategies related expansion business logistics chain. expansion ports, offering job opportunities, create social ecological pressures. reasons, relations workers, communities nature reassessed. Overcapacity ports shipping industry factor conditions current future trade scenarios. result current situation port market trade routes, oversupply port capacity areas, solved order avoid competitive distortions. port business spectrum continue grow. reduced imports exports, activities extensive. regional technological integration, operational areas business explored diversification activities sources income. improvement international competitiveness longer sole objective main ports. integrated port, due innovations technology, respond changing rules international dynamics efficiently port performance. Interaction systems, growth sustainability security synonymous competitiveness good commercial conditions. promote development commercial service conditions clients logistics chain. set technological develop knowledge port clients. optimized port activity leads planning, saves time, improves tracking containers offers level service. , sustainable activity. Technological Technical progress cultivate environment change continuous improvement. , ports entire supply chain, adoption innovative technologies practices organization administration processes growing phenomenon. Economies scale, scope network, globalization competitiveness ports driving principles require special attention achieve technological organizational efficiency innovation ports networks hinterland foreland. , ports, internet big data, follow tendencies industries reach ecosystem intelligent connected applications raise information integration processes . , automation robotics assured steps future increased autonomy activities improved performance safety. growth information efficient monitoring competitiveness. generates cost savings reactivity face specific logistics chain. advanced correspond technical progress, generate tectonic industry. refer role technology manufacturing (autonomous vehicles, 3D printing, applied robotics advanced -commerce), technologies innovation applied production consumption models, broad impact supply chain. addition greater automation, IoT robotics, cyber security necessity growing demand. rapid evolution reliance information communication technologies, advances automation possibility integrating multiple electronic systems support management functions business applications, increase importance addressing inherent vulnerabilities prevent effects. future uncertain, industry prepared face scenarios. order withstand change, development innovation priority. observe efficient development mandatory communicate workforce. , integration factor success scope innovation. mailto:ricardo.sanchez@eclac.org mailto:ricardo.sanchez@eclac.org mailto:lara.mouftier@eclac.org mailto:lara.mouftier@eclac.org UNCTAD TransporT Trade faciliTaTion newsleTTer °72 - foUrTH QUarTer 2016 17 TmEa proJECT rESULTS IN UgaNDa objectives project include reduced transport time increased volumes, increased ease trading borders, enhanced business environment trade, improved export capability. information : http://results.trademarkea./ugandares/ http://results.trademarkea./ugandares 18 UNCTAD TransporT Trade faciliTaTion newsleTTer °72 - foUrTH QUarTer 2016 UNCTAD TransporT Trade faciliTaTion newsleTTer °72 - foUrTH QUarTer 2016 19 article Yeji Lee overshadowed volatile dynamics East Asian countries, China, Mongolia Russia quickly stepping trilateral cooperation trade transportation. countries 12% global trade, 20% world’ total land area 20% global population. opportunity travel transportation hubs China, Mongolia Russia South Korean representative 20th Asia-Europe Foundation Summer University (ASEFSU20) programme. theme “Gateways Asia Europe: Connectivity Land, Sea & Air”, 47 participants 45 countries travelled 8,000 km explore role challenges trade transportation intercontinental connectivity. striking journey unparalleled enthusiasm countries accelerating transport linkages. Improving transportation facilitate trade shared priority , high economic interdependence. Roughly 24 trillion kilograms freight shipped China, Mongolia Russia 2015. China Russia’ largest export partner, destination 80% Mongolian exports. year, 63% Mongolian imports China Russia, 20% Russian imports China. China Russia major oil gas export agreements, diversify single dominant source demand (EU) supply ( Middle East). Mongolia accounts smaller portion global trade giant neighbors, geographically critical intermediary trade China Russia East Asia Europe. landlocked country, Mongolia depends heavily access Chinese ports enter markets. interdependence region spurred unique political motivations. China plans check US interests region strengthening level influence. Russia turns southern neighbors increasingly tensions economic sanctions West. Mongolia seeks strengthen relations China Russia increase visibility Asian global diplomatic spheres, simultaneously pursuing “ neighbor” policy balance relations. recognizing opportunities arise cooperation, countries actively engaged developing economic infrastructural links region. trilateral partnership agreement signed June 2016 established economic corridor China, Mongolia Russia. milestone creating conditions increased trade investment, agreement consists 32 proposed projects including infrastructure projects modernize increase freight capacity Ulan Bator railway build road freight transportation. governments signed agreement mutual recognition customs inspection results set goods facilitate border procedures. corridor essentially integrates partner’ strategies boosting transportation connectivity, , China- led Belt Road initiative, Russia- led trans-Eurasian rail road systems, Mongolia’ Steppe Route programme. Implementation economic corridor swift . Construction China-Mongolia Cross-border Economic Cooperation Zone, key part economic corridor, began September 2016 50 enterprises expected operate zone 2016. enjoy tariffs exporting products produced 18 square kilometer zone spanning Erenhot China’ Mongolia Zamyn- Uud Mongolia. December 2016, neighbors signed Intergovernmental Agreement International Road Transport Asian Highway Network eliminate transit barriers. agreement facilitates trade providing links China Russia Mongolia sea access landlocked Mongolia. People rural areas connected businesses benefit reduced delivery times trade opportunities. advances transportation trade facilitation motivate enable partnerships areas economy , instance, tourism. China Mongolia signed ten cross-border tourism cooperation agreements China-Mongolia Expo 2015. projects support construction hotels resorts, train specialized personnel hospitality industry increase connection popular tour routes countries. Developing promoting themed tours Great Tea Road, historical route carry tea commodities Russia China, Red Tourism, explores sites historical significance communism, hot regional tourism discussions. wide set challenges expected rise increased transport connectivity. improve safety trains underground transportation systems keeping fast, accessible affordable combat environmental damage transportation routes Lake Baikal increased tourism ensure safety, respect cultural differences, passengers employees transportation hubs case pandemic outbreak problems ASEFSU20 participants developed real-scenario solutions. governments, businesses, NGOs, academia local communities continue address issues order promote healthy economic social development region. China, Mongolia, Russia ratified Trade Facilitation Agreement. ratifications needed enter force start 2017, interesting synergy created TFA evolving trilateral cooperation. TrILaTEraL CoopEraTIoN oN TraDE aND TraNSporTaTIoN IN EUraSIa china, Mongolia russia boost cooperation increase connectivity maximize regional economic opportunities. information, contact Yeji Lee (yeji.lee.m15@wti.org), Asia-Europe Foundation Summer University Participant, Asia-Europe Foundation mailto:yeji.lee.m15@wti.org 20 UNCTAD TransporT Trade faciliTaTion newsleTTer °72 - foUrTH QUarTer 2016 Key findings include: • 1% increase air cargo connectivity 6.3% increase trade. • study developed measures key qual- ity parameters customs services indexes - Air Trade Facilitation - dex (ATFI) eFreight Facilitation Index (EFFI). • Countries performed indexes integrated GVCs. air Trade Facilitation index Rank Country 1 Austria 2 Slovenia 3 Republic Korea 4 Italy 5 Sweden 6 Netherlands 7 Finland 8 Japan 9 Canada 10 Denmark NEW STUDy: vaLUE oF aIr Cargo: aIr TraNSporT aND gLobaL vaLUE CHaINS eFreight Friendliness index Rank Country 1 United Arab Emirates 2 Denmark 3 Hong Kong 4 Singapore 5 Sweden 6 Republic Korea 7 Canada 8 Netherlands 9 South Africa 10 United States full report: http://www.iata. org/publications/economic- briefings/--air-cargo- 2016-report.pdf information, contact George Anjaparidze (anjaparidg@iata.org), IATA economic policy perspective, critical understand factors enable countries, developing , join global chains (gvcs), move higher added activities. part research project, iaTa commissioned developing Trade consul- tants undertake study , time, quantifies relationship air cargo connectivity participation global trade. study recommended policy level practical implementation inter- ventions needed position countries participating Global Chains: • Policy level priorities ratifica- tion implementation : 1999 Montreal Convention Bali Trade Facilitation Agreement World Trade Organization Revised Kyoto Convention. • Key practical air cargo specific inter- ventions needed: Facilitation electronic processing, eAir Bill eFreight Implementation “single window” pro- cessing – ultimately enabling submission regulatory documents trade channel Coordinated border agency procedures reduce duplicative controls Implementation risk management - trols border combat illicit activities facilitate compliant traders Deployment processes approve - lease shipments advance actual arrival. findings report serve evi- dence support policy deliberations improving trade facilitation environment helping countries integrate Global Chains. http://www.iata.org/publications/economic-briefings/--air-cargo-2016-report.pdf http://www.iata.org/publications/economic-briefings/--air-cargo-2016-report.pdf http://www.iata.org/publications/economic-briefings/--air-cargo-2016-report.pdf http://www.iata.org/publications/economic-briefings/--air-cargo-2016-report.pdf mailto:anjaparidg@iata.org UNCTAD TransporT Trade faciliTaTion newsleTTer °72 - foUrTH QUarTer 2016 21 1. Background digital collaborative network Latin america caribbean (Lac) seLa/caF. economies Latin America Caribbean present structural prob- lems limit competitiveness, logistics performance productivity logistics activities, observed results reports related Logistics - formance Index (LPI) Busi- ness ( specific metrics related trade borders). Additionally, inter-regional foreign trade volumes observed pointed Review Maritime Transport 2014 (UNCTAD, 2014). main characteristics countries good logistic performance strong public pri- vate institutions, collaborative information technologies. Motivated previous issues, Pro- gram Digital Collaborative Net- work ports Latin America Caribbean1 implemented SELA (Latin America Caribbean Economic System) Develop- ment Bank Latin America CAF. program initiated phase 2014, participation ports communities Manzanillo Veracruz Mexico; Buenaventura Cartagena Colombia; Callao Peru; San Antonio Valparaiso Chile; Balboa Colon Panama. 2015 phase program initiated, incorporat- ing ports Altamira Mexico, Li- 1 http://www.sela.org/- dia/268484/digital_ports_in_lat- in_america_and_the_caribbean. pdf DIgITaL aND CoLLaboraTIvE NETWork oF porTS IN LaTIN amErICa aND THE CarIbbEaN: ExpErIENCES aND pErSpECTIvES mon-Moin Costa Rica; Port Spain Trinidad Tobago; Guayaquil Ecuador; Paita Peru Montevideo Uruguay; finalizing October 2016. phase program considered implemented 2017, design evaluation. objective program establishment collabora- tive inter-institutional scheme facilitate public policies actions national level (top ) techni- cal recommendations local level (bottom ) foster competitiveness port logistic communities based practice approach administration port logistic chain, interinstitutional governance, service standards, port community systems collaboration national international networks. program complementary oth- er initiatives regional scope CAF-LOGRA Development Bank Latin American Net- work VUCE National Single Windows Inter-American Development Bank (IDB). initiatives focused strengthening insti- tutional modernization governments foreign trade international logis- tics matters. main strategy program form country, network - laborators, including: () Public Institutions (Minis- Transport, Maritime Authorities; National Port Authorities Local Port Authorities); (ii) Private Institutions (Lo- germany Tops 2016 Logistics Performance index article Luis . ascencio (Latin america caribbean economic system seLa) rosa . gonzález-ramírez (Faculty engineering applied sciences, Universidad de Los andes chile) gistic Transport Associations, Techno- logic service providers companies; Consulting companies Regional organizations; Port Ter- minal concessioners); (iii) Multilateral Institutions ECLAC, UNC- TAD, World Bank, IDB, . (iv) Academic Institutions (Universities Region- al Research Centers). program aims facilitate - manent dialogue develop technical cooperation activities specific requirements. addition, program defining strategy sustainability institutional- ization network foundation maintained time. reference model competitive- ness port logistics chain2 proposed program, based pillars 12 checkpoints identified key elements increase competitiveness ports region. , Schul- te al., (2016) proposed direc- tions sustainable ports, emphasiz- ing sustainability requirement ports (based economic, social, environmental institutional dimen- sions). 2 http://www.sela.org/ redpuertos/modelo-cadena-log- port/el-modelo/ http://www.sela.org/media/268484/digital_ports_in_latin_america_and_the_caribbean.pdf http://www.sela.org/media/268484/digital_ports_in_latin_america_and_the_caribbean.pdf http://www.sela.org/media/268484/digital_ports_in_latin_america_and_the_caribbean.pdf http://www.sela.org/media/268484/digital_ports_in_latin_america_and_the_caribbean.pdf http://www.sela.org/redpuertos/modelo-cadena-log-port/el-modelo/ http://www.sela.org/redpuertos/modelo-cadena-log-port/el-modelo/ http://www.sela.org/redpuertos/modelo-cadena-log-port/el-modelo/ 22 UNCTAD TransporT Trade faciliTaTion newsleTTer °72 - foUrTH QUarTer 2016 Pillar 1: Operational integration port supply chain -Anticipated authorization clear- ance procedures import cargo (prior arrival vessel port) -Synchronization transport sys- tems: ship-container-truck-trail -Logistics coordination inspec- tions cargo control Pillar 2: Governance institution- ality -Governance local level: port logistics community private public organizational scheme -Governance subregional level: logistics corridors -Governance national level: Coun- cil port logistics Pillar 3: Quality assurance, security efficiency port logistics ser- vices. -Quality service standards port supply chain -Business operational rules include compensations schemes -Key Performance Indicators operations interfaces port supply chain include time, costs, emissions measures. Pillar 4: Electronic data interchange interoperability informa- tion systems -Port Community Systems (PCS) National Single Windows (NSW) central platform coordinate -Digitalization data collaborative platforms coordination port supply chain -Interoperability sys- tems, special emphasis interoperability PCSs NSW. 2. activities performed program port community ac- tivities performed part technical cooperation phase program, summarized : • Strategic workshops. port, workshop performed aim present program establish dialogue stakeholders port community evaluate cur- rent situation port terms pillars checkpoints established reference model, SWOT analysis. performing interviews representative stakeholders port, group activity performed port. • Research groups (GAM). research groups conformed, include researchers, profes- sors consultants work areas related logistics, foreign trade ports. objec- tive foster local national research lines, - port development technical assistant consulting port logistic communities. exam- ple, important activity derived program technical assistance research group port Bue- naventura Colombia, conform Strategic Plan port logis- tics community Buenaventura, sponsorship GIDS Foundation ( foundation developed associations Commerce Chamber Buenaventura). , program collaborating 30 universities region. • Training industry. aim provide spread knowl- edge related logistics, collabora- tion information sys- tems technologies stakeholders, workshops developed port - munity. activities include technical visits facili- ties port differ- ent stakeholders familiar port operations. cases, universities - laborating program diploma assistance participants. • Regional Meeting. meet- ing considered participation delegates 36 insti- tutions participate program attended - day seminar held Pana- ma (14-16 July 2016). agenda meeting included thematic blocks partici- pants presented lecture, discussion panel, terms elements refer- ence model competitiveness port logistic chain. addition previous activities, execution program, studies performed - der derive diagnose situa- tion port communities region derive specific guidelines recommendations. Schulte al., (2016) observe results study aim pro- vide recommendations sustain- development ports region. comprehensive study developed order measure level implementation mea- sures foster competitiveness sustainability port community port participating program. , online survey applied results published final report program SELA. UNCTAD TransporT Trade faciliTaTion newsleTTer °72 - foUrTH QUarTer 2016 23 information, contact Luis Ascencio (luism. ascencio@gmail.) Rosa Guadalupe Gonzalez Ramirez (rgonzalez@uandes.cl) 3. discussion guidelines activities program activities program provide insights develop guidelines fur- ther steps stages program. evident importance national vision port development - tegrate efforts national, regional local level. Regrettably, lo- cal initiatives strength attention required due lack common vision topic. countries initiated efforts mitigate issue incorporated national strate- gic plans concepts promoted program Network Digital Collaborative ports. illustration Chile worked 2015 development national vision ports logistics, published beginning 2016.3 , workshops group activities developed stakeholders ports academics consulted. SELA participated main coordi- nator program providing techni- cal guidance. key element identified successful implementation strengthening port logistic - munities, identification lo- cal “Champion” leader promote collaborative actions public-private-academic work port system. regard, 3 http://www.innovacion. cl/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/ ESTRATEGIA-2030-DE-PUERTOS-- SU-LOG%C3%8DSTICA.pdf countries achieved progress identifying assume role, port authority local level (Port Authorities Chile Mexico), national level (Port Authority Peru Maritime Logistics Cabinet Panama), private sector ( Commerce Chambers Colombia Foundation GDIS). evidence ports concerned development technological logistics innovation projects, ports active regard . PCS projects region incipient, main efforts focused development NSW projects. efforts align development type projects mul- tiple ministries authorities involved, require closer collaboration port community stakeholders. terms research innovation, significant gap matter, program pro- moting topic port logistics research line researchers academics manifested interest collaborate area. foster closer - laboration academy, industry government. easy task compared regions, human financial resources scarce. Finally, availability specialized training programs matters incipient represent opportunity area region. references: SELA, (2015). “Digital Ports Latin America Caribbean: Situation Prospects”. Economic Tech- nical Cooperation. XXVI Meeting International Cooperation Directors Latin America Caribbean. Port Cooperation Latin America Caribbean: Digital ports. Situation Prospects. SP/XXVI-RDCIALC/DT ° 2-15. Consulted : http://www.sela. org/media/268484/digital_ports_in_ latin_america_and_the_caribbean.pdf Estrategia 2030 de Puertos Su Logística (2016). Consulted : http://www.innovacion.cl/wp-- tent/uploads/2016/01/ESTRATE- IA -2030-DE -PUERTOS--SU - LOG%C3%8DSTICA.pdf Schulte ., González-Ramírez, .., Ascencio, .., Voß, . (2016). “Di- rections sustainable port Latin America Caribbean” Interna- tional Journal Transport Economics, 43(3), 315-337. SELA. Reference model - petitiveness port logistics chain. Consulted : http://sela.org/redpuer- tos UNCTAD (2014) Review Maritime Transport, UNCTAD publications. Group picture Regional Meeting 2016- SELA/CAF held Panama. mailto:luism.ascencio@gmail. mailto:luism.ascencio@gmail. mailto:rgonzalez@uandes.cl http://www.innovacion.cl/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/ESTRATEGIA-2030-DE-PUERTOS--SU-LOG%C3%8DSTICA.pdf http://www.innovacion.cl/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/ESTRATEGIA-2030-DE-PUERTOS--SU-LOG%C3%8DSTICA.pdf http://www.innovacion.cl/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/ESTRATEGIA-2030-DE-PUERTOS--SU-LOG%C3%8DSTICA.pdf http://www.innovacion.cl/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/ESTRATEGIA-2030-DE-PUERTOS--SU-LOG%C3%8DSTICA.pdf http://www.sela.org/media/268484/digital_ports_in_latin_america_and_the_caribbean.pdf http://www.sela.org/media/268484/digital_ports_in_latin_america_and_the_caribbean.pdf http://www.sela.org/media/268484/digital_ports_in_latin_america_and_the_caribbean.pdf http://www.innovacion.cl/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/ESTRATEGIA-2030-DE-PUERTOS--SU-LOG%C3%8DSTICA.pdf http://www.innovacion.cl/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/ESTRATEGIA-2030-DE-PUERTOS--SU-LOG%C3%8DSTICA.pdf http://www.innovacion.cl/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/ESTRATEGIA-2030-DE-PUERTOS--SU-LOG%C3%8DSTICA.pdf http://www.innovacion.cl/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/ESTRATEGIA-2030-DE-PUERTOS--SU-LOG%C3%8DSTICA.pdf http://sela.org/redpuertos http://sela.org/redpuertos 24 UNCTAD TransporT Trade faciliTaTion newsleTTer °72 - foUrTH QUarTer 2016 Improving Border Agency Cooperation OIC Member States Facilitating Trade coMcec research findings strongly suggest interna- tional Border Agency Cooperation substantial positive impact trade facilitation world- wide. ongoing efforts, border control agencies realising benefits inter-agency international cooperation border management matters. , research discovered - novative activities exploited fullest potential, developed parts world OIC community. . http://bit.ly/2iFm2ZM Maritime Policy & Management volume 43, issue 8, 2016 issue includes articles sustainable performance ports Panama Canal expansion, . http://mpm.iame.info pUbLICaTIoNS Maritime Economics & Logistics articles published Maritime Economics & Logistics quar- terly scientific journal committed rigor- ous methodological analysis global supply chains; , ocean transportation, ports, marine terminals maritime logistics. http://mel.iame.info Port Policy Review Chile international Transport Forum report assesses port policies Chile. - views performance Chilean ports, analyses current policies identifies main bottlenecks performance current policies. Based assessment, offers series recommenda- tions account good international practices relevant Chile. report draws study visits Chile, series interviews relevant stakeholders data stakeholders. http://bit.ly/2k7oObJ WTO advanced Chairs National Trade Facilitation Committees ( French) 30 January 10 February 2017 Trade Facilitation Agreement requires Members national committee oversee implementation. committees operational time Agreement enters force. aim build capacity committee chairs, develop network contacts chairs national trade facilitation committees Members create good working relationship organizations provide technical assistance support respective national committees. http://bit.ly/2iMyBDb EvENTS Dynamar “Top 25 Container liner operators” top 25 container liner operators control combined fleet 3,750 vessels carry 18 million containers, equivalent 87% global capacity. time, group, top 25 carriers posted combined net loss 2015, running hundreds millions dollars. worse : months 2016, combined net result ( ) dropped USD 13 billion. “ deluge large newbuildings combined faltering market resulting severe overcapacity inducing bitter rate war ensuing dramatic losses: price big ships. Aware overcapacity damage financials turning deep dark red, carrier ordered ultra large containership (ULCS) 2016.” Source: Dynamar “Top 25 Container Liner Operators”, https://www.dynamar./publications/173 http://bit.ly/2iFm2ZM http://mpm.iame.info http://mel.iame.info http://bit.ly/2k7oObJ http://bit.ly/2iMyBDb https://www.dynamar./publications/173 Photo credit Pictures staff Trade Logistics Branch, stated . 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Published United Nations Conference Trade Development (UNCTAD) Trade Logistics Branch, Division Technology Logistics UN CT AD / EB / TL / LB /2 01 6/ 4 http://unctad.org/transportnews http://unctad.org/transportnews mailto:jan.hoffmann@unctad.org mailto:arantzazu.sanchez@unctad.org _GoBack WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement entry force - Trade Sudan cheaper quicker ‘Trade Roadmap’ adopted ILO revised code practice safety health ports multilingual online repository NTFC launched Shipping efficient trade facilitation provisions regional trade agreements matter 2017 UN Global survey trade facilitation paperless trade implementation Maritime Logistics profile Latin America Caribbean Reflections future ports TMEA Project results Uganda Trilateral cooperation trade transportation EURASIA study: Air cargo: Air transport Global chains Digital collaborative network ports Latin America Caribbean Publications Events