Promoting Entrepreneurship for Sustainable Development: A Selection Of Business Cases from the Empretec Network

AT PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: SELECTION OF BUSINESS CASES FROM THE EMPRETEC NETWORK AT PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: SELECTION OF BUSINESS CASES FROM THE EMPRETEC NETWORK York Geneva, 2017 ii PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: SELECTION OF BUSINESS CASES FROM THE EMPRETEC NETWORK © 2017, United Nations work open access complying Creative Commons licence created intergovernmental organizations, http://creativecommons.org/licenses//3.0/igo/. iiiPREFACE PREFACE . iv PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: SELECTION OF BUSINESS CASES FROM THE EMPRETEC NETWORK ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vCONTENTS CONTENTS PREFACE .............................................................................................................................................................................................III ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................................................................... IV 1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................................................1 2. THE ROLE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN ADDRESSING SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES .................................................................................................................................2 3. BUSINESS CASES FROM UNCTAD’ EMPRETEC NETWORK ...........................................................................7 Providing quality education disadvantaged children rural Uganda .............................................. 7 Promoting early childhood development educational tools recreational equipment Ghana Nigeria .................................................................................................. ...... 13 Tackling El Salvador’ solid waste challenges .............................................................................. ...... 18 Promoting growth SMEs -income communities South Africa............................. ...... 23 Creating added employment women Jordan............................................................. ...... 27 Providing entrepreneurial guidance aspiring young entrepreneurs Guyana ........................ ...... 32 Promoting education environmental protection Ghana..................................................... ...... 36 4. SELECTED POLICY MEASURES TO ENHANCE THE CONTRIBUTION OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ..........................................................................................................................40 4.1 Integrate sustainable development goals national entrepreneurship strategies ................. 41 4.2 Build enabling regulatory frameworks green social entrepreneurs ............................... 44 4.3 Promote women’ economic empowerment equal rights .................................................. 44 4.4 Implement targeted public procurement measures disadvantaged groups......................... 46 4.5 Integrate green social entrepreneurship educational systems curricula ............. 48 .................. 49 youth entrepreneurs ............................................................................................................ 51 4.8 Establish accelerators incubators provide specialized business support social green entrepreneurs.................................................................................................. 52 4.9 Promote inclusive entrepreneurship networks, women youth ................... 54 4.10 Promote entrepreneurship mentoring, focus women youth ................................ 55 CONCLUSIONS ...............................................................................................................................................................................57 REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................................................................................58 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1. INTRODUCTION 1 economic, social environmental challenges poverty eradication, employment economic 1 • • Programme.2 3 • 5 advisors, stakeholders learn link 2 mies transition start, grow develop 3 5 2 PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: SELECTION OF BUSINESS CASES FROM THE EMPRETEC NETWORK 2. THE ROLE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN ADDRESSING SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES important role addressing ongoing social, economic key drivers job creation vital engines innovation 11 global importance. economic decent jobs, provide socially disadvantaged . women, potential green social 11 poverty developing regions, halved increased. time, strong economic growth 7 failed coincide development weakening capacity increases employment, prompted call priorities policies 10 2013. 7 2013. 10 Developed Countries Report 2014. Growth Structural Transformation: post-2015 development agenda, 2. THE ROLE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN ADDRESSING SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES 3 social cohesion, tackling environmental challenges Social entrepreneurship potential poverty tackle environmental challenges economic objectives, playing important role. enhancing social cohesion. Corollary growing Box 1. Entrepreneurship target Sustainable Development Goals (Sustainable Development Goals 4 8) Sustainable Development Goal 4 Ensure inclusive equitable quality education promote lifelong learning opportunities achievement Target 4.4, states 2030, substantially increase number youth adults relevant skills, including technical vocational skills employment, decent jobs entrepreneurship. Sustainable Development Goal 8 Promote inclusive sustained economic growth, full productive employment decent work achievement Target 8.3, calls promotion development-oriented policies support productive capacities, decent job creation, entrepreneurship, creativity innovation encourage formalization growth micro- small- medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) access services. social enterprises.12 growing demand impact investment.13 growth, private sector development playing important role regard, receiving catalyse social transformation meeting . engaging activities impact 15 12 13 15 4 PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: SELECTION OF BUSINESS CASES FROM THE EMPRETEC NETWORK services accessible socially disadvantaged 17 social impact meeting Youth entrepreneurship recognized people. projected rise 13.1 cent 2015, time, 20 17 2015. 20 greater challenge time. fostering innovation competitiveness 21 Women entrepreneurship play role economic growth, viable approach participation linked economic growth. 22 21 22 Women, Business Law data base: http://wbl.worldbank.org. Box 2. Evans Wadongo – Social Entrepreneur Kenya Source: 2. THE ROLE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN ADDRESSING SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES 5 job creation economic empowerment 23 25 23 25 Box 3. Peace Victoria Nyero- - Young Entrepreneur Uganda Source: Box 4. Pabla Anabela Torres – Woman Entrepreneur Argentina Source: Green entrepreneurship, 2012. 6 PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: SELECTION OF BUSINESS CASES FROM THE EMPRETEC NETWORK priority area, part 2011 Green Economy Accord addressing social environmental objectives, Green Jobs Programme playing vital role generating employment, impact economic growth, green tapping potential enabling socially living standards empowering economically, raising awareness preserving environment. Box 5. Helios Eco Vidyut – Green Entrepreneur India Source: 73. BUSINESS CASES FROM UNCTAD’ EMPRETEC NETWORK 3. BUSINESS CASES FROM UNCTAD’ EMPRETEC NETWORK highlighting pressing challenge entities • region Northern Uganda prompted Beatrice Ayuru • Nigeria inspired interior designer, Lara Cookey start develop abilities. • Uncollected garbage San Salvador Maria Carlota Guevara • South Africa hampered lack Neo Mothobi Matsau established • Unemployment highly skilled female Leena Irshaid, Jordan, • Tracy Douglas Guyana confront dreams. • Tony Oteng- Gyasi Ghana corporate social responsibility. Providing quality education disadvantaged children rural Uganda economically disadvantaged region, girls vacancies children impoverished families afford school fees orphans, Entrepreneurial motivation region, disproportionately affects girls, 8 PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: SELECTION OF BUSINESS CASES FROM THE EMPRETEC NETWORK teaching profession, saved earnings school hoped start. areas. Start- phase majority people live poverty line, Beatrice close family members learned inherited land established 2000. , Beatrice needed overcome negative Launching Lira Integrated School ineligible government assistance. Uganda parents poor Northern Uganda region. 93. BUSINESS CASES FROM UNCTAD’ EMPRETEC NETWORK primary stream parents preferred enrolling establishment. enrolment grew parents transferred children boosting enrolment. 10 PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: SELECTION OF BUSINESS CASES FROM THE EMPRETEC NETWORK Lira Integrated’ growth expansion participants variety competencies, Beatrice management skills, enabled Beatrice credits training providing land resolved, entire family , 113. BUSINESS CASES FROM UNCTAD’ EMPRETEC NETWORK leveraged partnerships strengthened district . , internship programme Uganda 2012 rise interest rates started repaying debts. Sustainability primary secondary streams boys overrepresented. viability, school implemented income gain skills part vocational training, earns district, decline academic performance primary secondary streams impact private schools district. improve aimed improving skills. secondary school, point led 12 PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: SELECTION OF BUSINESS CASES FROM THE EMPRETEC NETWORK years strong preference parents integrating vocational training Impact community teachers, school created employment senior administrative positions school, challenge gender stereotypes. school, enterprise impact addition, school helped lift living standards Future plans Lira Integrated School’ impact • • • • 133. BUSINESS CASES FROM UNCTAD’ EMPRETEC NETWORK Students participating extracurricular activities Entrepreneurial motivation creative child, developed keen skill art, ropes environment. economic organization. Recognizing potential Promoting early childhood development educational tools recreational equipment Ghana Nigeria emotional, physical psychological abilities. Realizing importance early childhood development increasing role learning profession, tapped growing demand children formative stages Nigeria. friendly materials learning materials, 14 PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: SELECTION OF BUSINESS CASES FROM THE EMPRETEC NETWORK demand learning materials recreational tools children develop physical emotional psychological competencies. Contextplay’ products (learning materials playground equipment) Start- phase setting proved challenge, majority 153. BUSINESS CASES FROM UNCTAD’ EMPRETEC NETWORK Contextplay’ launch making aligned integral achieving objectives. approach, materials. Contextplay’ growth expansion relevant learning materials affordable 16 PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: SELECTION OF BUSINESS CASES FROM THE EMPRETEC NETWORK goods Nigeria. ship goods sea, proved costly 2011. enterprise employee copied action employee. Sustainability piloting prototype 20 schools plans programmes disadvantaged children Nigeria, prices work, enterprise developed marketing strategy designed tap potential social www.contextplay. Impact community levels mental physical ability, 173. BUSINESS CASES FROM UNCTAD’ EMPRETEC NETWORK development agency Nigeria collaboration approach trained conventional woodworking gain skills. Future plans apps. Contextplay’ impact • children. • • 18 PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: SELECTION OF BUSINESS CASES FROM THE EMPRETEC NETWORK Tackling El Salvador’ solid waste challenges action. strong belief care environment, passion environment strong metals, electronics, paper plastics, dismantle Start- phase historically responsible solid waste effort manage solid waste, small increasingly involved solid waste recovery, separation, recollection, preparation steady growth 10 years operation, innovative enterprise. “ mission ‘Free El Salvador solid, inorganic waste polluting environment, recycling ’. , generates source employment.” recycling, insights social enterprise addressing environmental challenges Entrepreneurial motivation health hazard, leading spread diseases posing threat environment lack proper garbage collection 193. BUSINESS CASES FROM UNCTAD’ EMPRETEC NETWORK part research, learned , la Acció í processes involved inorganic solid waste management. compete effectively marketplace. environmental management marketing, received diplomas planning conservation, seminars environmental management offered programmes. participating events fairs, challenges environmental sector shed light apathy recycling general disinterest goals. Aurora’ launch recycling solid, inorganic waste; create employment recycling; generate income people service, professional attention, compliance handicrafts 20 PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: SELECTION OF BUSINESS CASES FROM THE EMPRETEC NETWORK Aurora’ expansion growth offered ó ó .27 needed operate enterprise effectively. demand solid waste Central America 27 partners, critical growth, earned training 20 permanent 10 seasonal employees, waste materials prior preparing recycling, safety protection, behavioral management 213. BUSINESS CASES FROM UNCTAD’ EMPRETEC NETWORK tion management, training envi ronmental manage ment schools, vironmental manage forged partnerships, led Sustainability electronic cards partner collect Á corporate social responsibility workshop Impact community 20 permanent 10 seasonal employees livelihoods raising living standards. link enterprises national international , strengthening capacity generate 22 PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: SELECTION OF BUSINESS CASES FROM THE EMPRETEC NETWORK catalyst social change women change agents conservation. strong opponent solid waste, promoting recycling solid inorganic waste, promoting good environmental practices socially responsible develop small spaces. Future plans management training Nigeria, Rwanda Uganda. biomass generation plant transfer station recycled materials Uganda. recycling plant hold costs Nigeria. Aurora’ impact • Created employment 20 permanent 10 seasonal employees. • • • • 233. BUSINESS CASES FROM UNCTAD’ EMPRETEC NETWORK Promoting growth SMEs -income communities South Africa . branding company. branding professional large corporations generally rely raise working corporate world, 2011, Neo create employment . Start- phase Neo partners lacked collateral developing managing brands Entrepreneurial motivation long wrestled idea change completing high school, enrolled college 24 PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: SELECTION OF BUSINESS CASES FROM THE EMPRETEC NETWORK partners, ages range 25 32, homes, savings earnings, Neo client base. Bamboo Innovation Ecosystem’ launch development, strategy implementation, web development social media services branding services. enterprise branding services delivered established organizations, services Shift Shift’ viewers site obtain additional information develop show national broadcaster Partnerships essential hospitals gather data people seeking brand. , allowing participate Bamboo Innovation Ecosystem’ growth expansion 253. BUSINESS CASES FROM UNCTAD’ EMPRETEC NETWORK part strategy remain competitive, working work large enterprises Neo adding Sustainability employees stay abreast dynamics work strong team. Impact community brand strategy implementation, logos, web development social media services enterprises operate. improve service delivery clients living standards provide livelihoods Future plans marketing data mining. enterprise hopes 26 PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: SELECTION OF BUSINESS CASES FROM THE EMPRETEC NETWORK Bamboo Innovation Systems’ impact • • • 273. BUSINESS CASES FROM UNCTAD’ EMPRETEC NETWORK Creating added employment women Jordan lowest female economic participation rates 35 members realize potential creating generate income women. planning, graphic design logo, posters Start- phase food preparation ideal economic activity members top 10 members limited knowledge compete effectively crowded olives accomplished takes years enterprises Cooperative Association tapped potential sector, operating viable olive pickles Entrepreneurial motivation living poverty. 28 PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: SELECTION OF BUSINESS CASES FROM THE EMPRETEC NETWORK proved critical challenge Renas. preferences preferences olives pickled potential market olives pickles Jordan. Renas. members goal create employment members, capacity operate food training management practices, food preparation management, development recipes marketing, Renas engaged skilled women picking sorting olives tasks demanded skills. families Launching Renas’ manufacturing business 20 seasonal employees, 293. BUSINESS CASES FROM UNCTAD’ EMPRETEC NETWORK remove seeds olives, clean investment Collaborations establish food Renas forged partnerships local olive assessment olives pickled potential market healthy olives pickles. Katarat Al-Nada Renas’ growth expansion prepare pickled olives vegetables home Renas gained competitive advantage competitors capitalizing growing demand 30 PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: SELECTION OF BUSINESS CASES FROM THE EMPRETEC NETWORK part strategy gain market share grow aggressive marketing strategy yielding providing Renas critical market information, growth. Renas tapped social media Renas rented showroom Amman helped establish processes allowed plan development. cover marketing costs staff training Sustainability 37 members. part plan, member projects part salary converted participatory management style involves , remains challenge Renas highly dynamic food sector, Renas innovate Katarat Al-Nada Association maintains costs hiring staff Impact community goal create employment highly skilled 10 permanent highly skilled women 20 seasonal 313. BUSINESS CASES FROM UNCTAD’ EMPRETEC NETWORK raising living standards. women, Renas helped challenge gender involvement association helped raise awareness social processes, fostered ownership Association, 37 engineers. competitive advantage market. strong preservatives, Association recycles organic waste Future plans employing highly skilled women engineers. Renas Women’ Cooperative Association’ impact • • • • 32 PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: SELECTION OF BUSINESS CASES FROM THE EMPRETEC NETWORK Providing entrepreneurial guidance aspiring young entrepreneurs Guyana years establish Pandama Retreat, Winery Centre Creative Arts. people overcome psychological barriers instilling idea offer. Start- phase learned wine grandmother Pandama Retreat, Winery Centre Creative Entrepreneurial motivation girl, homemade soaps, skill perfected 333. BUSINESS CASES FROM UNCTAD’ EMPRETEC NETWORK Pandama’ launch Centre Creative Arts, named é. Pandama wines Pandama Retreat derives sales wine, sales goals, Tracy operates retreat facility property, sells artwork. Additional income derived workshops. Pandama forged partnerships local soaps local farmers provide Pandama’ growth expansion competition enterprise, carved wines gained share competitive wine competitive edge market. 34 PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: SELECTION OF BUSINESS CASES FROM THE EMPRETEC NETWORK Pandama operates retreat property, Caribbean Life Magazine -Flight News www.pandamaretreat. award. learned Sustainability Pandama wines faced competition imported boost wine sales. 200 species birds variety monkeys, Tracy’ artwork Impact community passion obstacles limitations, confront psychological barriers identify 353. BUSINESS CASES FROM UNCTAD’ EMPRETEC NETWORK employees, women. employing living standards. employees, Pandama Pandama part minimize impact environment. enterprise promotes recycling promotes minimal wastage imports enhance work. Future plans book showcasing artwork, develop note cards, postcards posters. Pandama Retreat’ impact • • • 36 PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: SELECTION OF BUSINESS CASES FROM THE EMPRETEC NETWORK Promoting education environmental protection Ghana posed threat wooden crates palettes potential impact environment forced Start- phase dominated imported cables developing imported electrical cables preferred meant potential competitors electrical cables locally lacked access poverty commitment improving life objectives maintaining economic objectives. Entrepreneurial motivation 373. BUSINESS CASES FROM UNCTAD’ EMPRETEC NETWORK needed effectively operate electrical cable TCCL’ launch employees, TCCL’ growth expansion 38 PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: SELECTION OF BUSINESS CASES FROM THE EMPRETEC NETWORK region. preferred mode transportation sea, Sustainability Impact community strong commitment making positive impact 393. BUSINESS CASES FROM UNCTAD’ EMPRETEC NETWORK health care. strong commitment minimizing impact environment. part environmental protection objectives, Future plans TCCL’ impact • • • • 40 PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: SELECTION OF BUSINESS CASES FROM THE EMPRETEC NETWORK 4. SELECTED POLICY MEASURES TO ENHANCE THE CONTRIBUTION OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT policy recommendations highlighted table 1. rationale selected policy areas Optimizing regulatory framework: legal frameworks recognize social enterprises mobilization corporate social responsibility philanthropy. Upgrading education skills development networks mentoring. social enterprises established Facilitating technology exchanges innovation: social spatial barriers prevent limit development skills knowledge Promoting awareness networking: partnerships develop platforms promote participation networks specialized fairs 413. BUSINESS CASES FROM UNCTAD’ EMPRETEC NETWORK Business case Direct contribution Sustainable Development Goals Selected constraints Policy recommendations Aurora Sustainable production (Sustainable Development Goal 12) REGULATION: Lack regulations waste management environmental standards Build enabling regulatory frameworks green social entrepreneurs Lira Integrated School Quality education (Sustainable Development Goal 4) EDUCATION: Lack entrepreneurship capacity-building programmes women Promote women’ economic empowerment equal rights social enterprises arrangements social green entrepreneurs Context Play Quality education (Sustainable Development Goal 4) EDUCATION: Lack educational tools adapted promote green social entrepreneurship Integrate green social entrepreneurship educational systems curricula Bamboo Innovation Ecosystem Reduce inequalities (Sustainable Development Goal 10) FINANCE: Lack facilitated access Empowerment (BEE) Programme Encourage crowd-funding, peer--peer lending digital entrepreneurs Pandama Retreat, Wine Creative Art Sustainable production (Sustainable Development Goal 12) TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION: Limited ICT Establish accelerators incubators provide specialized business support social green entrepreneurs Renas Women’ Cooperative Association Gender equality (Sustainable Development Goal 5) REGULATION: Lack facilitation mechanisms integrate women cooperatives domestic chains Implement targeted public procurement measures disadvantaged groups AWARENESS NETWORKING: Lack information inclusive entrepreneurship Promote inclusive entrepreneurship networks, women youth Tropical Cable Conductor Limited Sustainable production (Sustainable Development Goal 12) AWARENESS NETWORKING: Lack information importance corporate philanthropy entrepreneurship mentoring Promote programmes encouraging entrepreneurship mentoring, focus women youth Table 1 Selected constraints policy recommendations emerging business cases , part coordinated coherent framework 4.1 INTEGRATE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS INTO NATIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP STRATEGIES addresses relevant policy areas effectively increasingly adopting strategies frameworks 42 PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: SELECTION OF BUSINESS CASES FROM THE EMPRETEC NETWORK importance tackling environmental challenges promoting economic growth social development, strategies promote green growth, aim developed national international levels. developed green growth framework growth preventing costly environmental developed strategies aimed promoting green environmental goods services promote strategies macro meta levels. national level, development, Croatia developed strategy aimed addressing increased risk poverty, high strategy indispensable tool responding challenges related creating economic challenges providing employment economic address challenges objectives, designed address high global level, international organizations collaboration Commonwealth, developed Policy Guide Youth Entrepreneurship 434. SELECTED POLICY MEASURES TO ENHANCE THE CONTRIBUTION OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Table 2 Examples measures integrate sustainable development national entrepreneurship strategies Country/ economy Measure Chile Chile’ Green Growth Strategy aims promote economic growth development context sustain- development. Developed 2013 Ministries Finance Environment, strategy, runs 2020, designed reduce impact environment creating jobs promoting social equity. www.mma.gob.cl/1304/articles-55866_National_Green_Growth_Strategy.pdf. Global Established 2012, Global Green Growth Institute intergovernmental organization created accelerate transition green growth based principles social inclusivity environmental sustain- ability. organization partners countries develop implement strategies simultaneously address poverty reduction, social inclusion, environmental sustainability economic growth. http://gggi. org/. Global (OECD) OECD’ Green Growth Strategy offers framework countries achieve economic growth strategy viewed tool expanding economic growth job creation sustainable 9789264111318-en.htm. Colombia Created 2011, Department Social Prosperity addresses social inequality sector Social Inclusion Reconciliation. part 2011 Presidential decree Prosperity , Department coordi- nates government activities poverty reduction peacekeeping, including overseeing programmes aimed poverty reduction, promoting entrepreneurship development, impact investment social enterprise, innovations welfare peacekeeping service delivery. www.dps. gov./portal/default.aspx. Peru 2011, Ministry Development Social Inclusion established coordinate social policies pro- grammes sectors levels government. 2012, Ministry developed policy development social inclusion aimed eradicating poverty extreme poverty. www.midis.gob.pe/. Poland 2014, Poland adopted national strategy social entrepreneurship, aims promote social economy sector. objective National Strategy Social Economy Development ensure 2020 social entrepreneurship driver employment, social cohesion development. www.en.bbn.gov.pl/download/3/1314/NSSRP.pdf. Thailand goal implementing Social Enterprise Master Plan (2010–2014). http://tinyurl./omgus27. United States - enterprises social innovation, helps create implement policies. www.whitehouse. gov/administration/eop/sicp/. Colombia Colombia Joven Emprende 2013 youth entrepreneurship strategy President’ Programme Youth aims promote culture entrepreneurship young people. http://wsp.presi- dencia.gov./ColombiaJoven/estrategias/Paginas/colombia-joven-emprende.aspx. Fiji Fiji’ National Youth Policy integrated youth enterprise objective small enterprise key area focus country’ 20-year youth development strategic plan. http://tinyurl./o9x2ow6. Global UNCTAD, collaboration Commonwealth, developed Policy Guide Youth Entrepreneurship aims support policymakers designing entrepreneurship policies youth. http://tinyurl. /nv3at9o. Croatia Strategy Women Entrepreneurship Development (2014–2020) aims promote women’ participa- tion economic activities, including entrepreneurship. Strategy, part Croatia’ Strategy Entrepreneurship Development (2013–2020) aims increase SMEs’ competitiveness, complements European Union’ Strategic Framework, Small Business Act, Women’ Charter 2020 Strategy, measures activities undertaken part strategy promote women’ entrepre- neurship developed. http://eige.europa.eu/content/strategy--women-entrepreneurship- development---republic--croatia-20142020. Ethiopia enterprises (MSME) sector critical element increasing women’ income job creation, ad- dresses economic empowerment women youth. time, National Action Plan Gender aims eliminate gender cultural biases hinder women engaging economic activities. Avail- www.ata.gov./priorities/national-growth-transformation-plan/. Regional African Development Bank implemented African Women Business Initiative, promotes women’ entrepreneurship supporting enabling business environment, including ensuring access www.afdb.org/en/topics--sectors/initiatives-partnerships/african-women--business-initiative/. 44 PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: SELECTION OF BUSINESS CASES FROM THE EMPRETEC NETWORK 4.2 BUILD ENABLING REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS FOR GREEN AND SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURS legal frameworks recognize social enterprises legal entities entities register infancy, lack laws recognizing social enterprises legal entities constrained social enterprises register obtain licenses development, governments providing incentives development green sector. adoption growth development water technology 30 4.3 PROMOTE WOMEN’ ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT AND EQUAL RIGHTS women girls. World Bank, establish creditworthiness job, laws 30 454. SELECTED POLICY MEASURES TO ENHANCE THE CONTRIBUTION OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Table 3 Examples measures build regulatory frameworks green social entrepreneurship Country/ economy Measure Israel implementation policies reduce consumption encourage water recycling Israel created numerous jobs. www.oecd.org/israel/48354947.pdf. South Africa 2011 Green Growth Accord, supports improvement waste management recycling, stimulating employment opportunities waste management formal informal sectors. http://tinyurl./pnkecnc. Regional European Union, European Commission’ Buying Social: Guide Social Considerations Public Procurement guidance public procurement achieve social goals. http://ec.europa.eu/social/. United Kingdom 2013, United Kingdom enacted Social Act, requires public entities procure services improve social, economic environmental - areas services obtained. www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2012/3/enacted. Viet Nam 2014, Viet Nam amended Enterprise Law recognize social enterprises. entities investment Viet Nam, international supporters. www.scribd./ doc/257708524/Law--enterprises-2014-pdf#scribd. Zimbabwe part Green Jobs Initiative, Zimbabwe adopted regulatory frameworks accommodate emerging technologies practices guidelines construction green sector. http://tinyurl./nzs2hmj. 31 32 33 detrimental effect welfare economic men. 31 32 33 women compared men, deter women 35 Removing restrictions deter women play role addressing administrative barriers 35 46 PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: SELECTION OF BUSINESS CASES FROM THE EMPRETEC NETWORK enhance transparency instil 37 restrictions prevent women starting participation economic activities. hinders capacity engage economic economic empowerment women attend training term negative effects economic potential. access credit networks 37 Table 4 Examples measures promote women’ economic empowerment equal rights Country/ economy Measure Chile Women’ Entrepreneurial Venture Scope (WE Venture Scope), Chile conducive business climate women entrepreneurs Latin America Caribbean. adequate provision social services female entrepreneurs, ideal environment women entrepreneurs. www.weventurescope./. Global ILO’ Gender Entrepreneurship Women Enterprises (GET ) skills training programme oriented women entrepreneurs. www.ilo.org/empent/Publications/ WCMS_116100/lang--en/index.htm. Global Intel’ SheWillConnect addresses biases STEM education access technology women girls. www.intel./content/www//en/technology--education.html. United States Small Business Administration’ Women’ Business Initiative training women entrepreneurs ages. www.sba.gov/tools/local-assistance/wbc. access science technology. World Bank, ProJovem 4.4 IMPLEMENT TARGETED PUBLIC PROCUREMENT MEASURES FOR DISADVANTAGED GROUPS development. protection, efforts national 474. SELECTED POLICY MEASURES TO ENHANCE THE CONTRIBUTION OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT vendors linking international networks, aims provide preferential allocation contracts catalysed development sectors. services obtained, helped winning bids. Barometer 2013. Table 5 Examples public procurement measures disadvantaged groups business sectors Country/ economy Measure Australia Australia launched Indigenous Procurement policy sets mandatory number contracts indigenous groups historically underserved. policy, effective July 2015, set target awarding 3% contracts indigenous businesses 2020. www.dpmc.gov.au/indigenous-affairs//jobs-land--economy-programme/ipp. Global International Trade Centre’ Global Platform Action Sourcing Women Vendors aims increase share corporate, institutional government procurement secured women vendors linking international networks. www.intracen.org/itc/projects/women- -trade/-global-platform--action--sourcing--women-vendors/. Kenya 2013, Kenya amended procurement regulations, require 30% tenders allocated women, youth persons disabilities, providing opportunity SMEs ppoa..ke. Mexico Mexico prioritizes public procurement MSMEs legally requiring 35% government supplies sourced MSMEs. Regional European Union, European Commission’ Buying Social: Guide Social Considerations Public Procurement guidance public procurement achieve social goals. http://tinyurl./q25wmcu. South Africa part Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment (-BEE) strategy, South Africa implemented policies aimed integrating previously disadvantaged communities (PDCs) mainstream economy, including black, women persons disabilities. part strategy Preferential Procurement Act, South Africa preferential allocation contracts PDCs. www.treasury.gov.za/divisions/ocpo/sc/PPPFA/default.aspx. Regional Enterprise Europe Network promotes European Code Practices Facilitating SMEs access public procurement contracts. http://een.ec.europa.eu/. 48 PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: SELECTION OF BUSINESS CASES FROM THE EMPRETEC NETWORK administrative costs bidding contracts, constraints efficiency actions, cost environmental systems allocation tenders enhance 4.5 INTEGRATE GREEN AND SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP INTO EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS AND CURRICULA development private sector prevent national programmes provide skills sectors . national international level enhance skills concrete steps strengthen capacity green designed teach Chileans skills environment. time, green skills increasingly integrated people. developed. Transformative vocational training centres provide skills 494. SELECTED POLICY MEASURES TO ENHANCE THE CONTRIBUTION OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Table 6 Examples measures integrate green social entrepreneurship skills educational systems curricula Country/ economy Measure China part China’ efforts develop green entrepreneurship training skills, Decent Work Green Economy Programme developing training curriculum green jobs selected sectors WCMS_141713/lang--en/index.htm. Ghana Ghana’ Climate Innovation Centre launched Green Innovation Bootcamp designed provide training, foster peer--peer learning supports green entrepreneurs SMEs country. www.ghanacic.org/. Global http://tinyurl./ph2bvwb. Global Business Schools Impact, UNCTAD initiative collaboration GBSN CEMS networks top business schools world, promoting sustainable development teaching skills build base pyramid businesses. http://business-schools--impact.org/. Thailand Thailand’ newly drafted Social Enterprise Promotion Act provision providing opportunities capacity-building social enterprises integration social entrepreneurship education system. http://tinyurl./ped9tjy. Togo Jeunes Volontaires pour ’Environnement, JVE, youth initiative, integrating green entrepreneurship environmental education schools’ curricula. http://jve-international.org/index.php. United Kingdom UnLtd partnered 56 higher education institutions United Kingdom embed culture social entrepreneurship. https://unltd.org.uk/partners/-partners/. 4.6 ENCOURAGE INNOVATIVE FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SOCIAL AND GREEN ENTREPRENEURS private sector general development green economy hampering development development challenges, perceived risks emerging green social sectors hesitance investing entities. growing importance social green social enterprises established objective catalyse development bottom economic pyramid. 50 PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: SELECTION OF BUSINESS CASES FROM THE EMPRETEC NETWORK positive social impact address playing important role catalysing green catalyse development emerging sectors. raise capital traditional capital markets based entities raise capital scale strengthen social environmental forefront investing green Country/ economy Measure Brazil competitiveness. http://tinyurl./nap5cca. France France allocated 100 million euros 2010 social economy social enterprises. http://tinyurl./otq8cp5. Ghana businesses, including SMEs social enterprises address pressing social issues unemployment, access health education. 2011, VCTF established Ghana Angel Investment Network (GAIN), invests early-stage growth-oriented enterprises. www.venturecapitalghana..gh/. Global Acumen Fund venture capital fund investing social enterprises countries world. invested $81 million 72 social enterprises serving poor Asia Africa. Fund created 55,000 jobs reached 86 million people. http://acumen. org/. Global -20 established GreenInvest, platform aims mobilize private capital institutional investors inclusive green investments emerging markets. platform designed serve forum private public stakeholders support knowledge sharing promote development mechanisms attract private capital inclusive green growth. http://gggi.org/g20-launch--greeninvest--mobilize-private-capital--inclusive-green-investments/. Global United Nations Framework Convention Climate Change established Green Technology Fund support projects, policies activities catalyse green sector. India Green India Venture Fund’ goal contribute cleaner environment sustainable development generating revenues invests clean-tech start-ups, including SMEs businesses. www.ifciventure./Funds-Green%20India%20Venture. Netherlands () venture account social entrepreneurs, launched green fund. www.triodos. /en/-triodos-bank/. Regional Impact Exchange, Asia IIX, Singapore-based Social Stock Exchange, connecting social enterprises funding allowing raise capital scale strengthen social environmental impact. http://www.asiaiix./ 514. SELECTED POLICY MEASURES TO ENHANCE THE CONTRIBUTION OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT companies 50 employees scheme employees. similar trend 4.7 ENCOURAGE CROWD-FUNDING, PEER-TO-PEER LENDING AND DIGITAL FINANCING FOR WOMEN AND YOUTH ENTREPRENEURS credit risk assessment approaches enhance technology social media, facilitate access online platforms match borrowers seeking loan 52 PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: SELECTION OF BUSINESS CASES FROM THE EMPRETEC NETWORK developing markets. enable provision mobile money constrains hinders potential meet socially Country/ economy Measure Colombia 2014, Colombia passed law creating specialized electronic deposit payment institution http://tinyurl./p4hrn5s. Global businesses SMEs lenders brand ambassadors. https://zip.kiva.org/. Global Indiegogo online crowd-funding platform helps individuals businesses, including SMEs social enterprises, raise funds. www.indiegogo./. Global CGAP’ Inclusive Payment Ecosystem initiative working businesses regulatory policy framework needed support digital innovation protecting customers. www. United Republic Tanzania -Pawa mobile savings account users save money mobile phone, earn interest savings eventually obtain microloan needed. www. vodacom..tz/mpesa/mpawa/. 4.8 ESTABLISH ACCELERATORS AND INCUBATORS THAT PROVIDE SPECIALIZED BUSINESS SUPPORT TO SOCIAL AND GREEN ENTREPRENEURS accelerators increasingly playing important promote collaboration innovation address pressing social environmental challenges, emerged. 534. SELECTED POLICY MEASURES TO ENHANCE THE CONTRIBUTION OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT associations increase incomes enterprises commercializing affordable technologies enterprises. Armetisia Accelerator Brazil Table 9 Examples accelerators incubators provide specialized business support social green entrepreneurs Country/ economy Measure Indonesia FablLab Jakarta, innovation hub, develops affordable, sustainable, -cost prosthetic limbs. partnership Denmark’ Waag Society Netherlands’ HONF, limbs locally produced materials. www.honfablab.org/. Philippines () Gawad Kalinga established Village University young people agricultural skills Social Incubator young entrepreneurs business support services launch businesses. www.gk1world./home. Brazil Hub ã Paulo, social innovation hub developing ecosystem social enterprises, promoting sustainable entrepreneurship. http://saopaulo.impacthub..br/. Egypt Icecairo green innovation hub equips young people green skills business support enable pursue green entrepreneurship develop -cost solutions address Egypt’ environmental challenges. http://www.icecairo./. Global Global Green Growth Institute developed analytical framework designed strengthen green growth innovation. Guide Innovation Systems Analysis Green Growth illustrates innovation occurs policymakers’ role enabling accelerating green growth. http://gggi.org/. Global World Bank’ InfoDev Climate Technology Programme established network locally-owned operated Climate Innovation Centres Caribbean, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, India, Morocco, South Africa Viet Nam, accelerate development transfer locally-relevant climate clean technologies. www.infodev.org/climate. India Centre Innovation, Incubation Entrepreneurship supporting enterprises clean technology, food agribusiness social impact. www.ciieindia.org/. Philippines () Asian Social Enterprise Incubator (ASEI) Philippines comprehensive services state art technology social enterprises base pyramid. www.asei. .ph/. South Africa Reconstructed Living Lab (RLabs) Innovation Incubator South Africa develops social business ideas aim impact empower local communities innovation. www. rlabs.org/. Tunisia Tunisian Centre Social Entrepreneurship social incubator promoting social entrepreneurship Tunisia providing access education social innovations, access wordpress./--center/. Spain Bilbao’ Social Innovation Park established create employment economically declining region. Park, hosts individuals, charities, NGOs private sector organizations, services designed promote job creation. Social Innovation Lab incubates social enterprises receive supports, including training mentoring. www.socialinnovator. info/connecting-people-ideas--resources/innovation-intermediaries/hubs/social-innovation-parks. United Kingdom British Council’ Social Incubator Fund providing 10 million pounds social enterprises United Kingdom scale . www.biglotteryfund.org.uk/socialincubatorfund. 54 PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: SELECTION OF BUSINESS CASES FROM THE EMPRETEC NETWORK addressing development challenges promising. 4.9 PROMOTE INCLUSIVE ENTREPRENEURSHIP NETWORKS, AMONG AND FOR WOMEN AND YOUTH access networks overcome international trade border international partnerships. partnership foreign chambers commerce. Networks raise visibility 554. SELECTED POLICY MEASURES TO ENHANCE THE CONTRIBUTION OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Table 10 Examples effective entrepreneurship networks women youth Country/ economy Measure Bangladesh country works exclusively women’ economic social empowerment. Established 2001, organization encourages strengthens women entrepreneurs’ participation private sector promoting women-friendly business environment. www.bwcci-bd.org. France Jeun’ESS promoting social solidarity economy education sector encouraging growth youth-led social enterprises. www.jeun-ess.fr/tag/entrepreneuriat-social/. Regional Erasmus Young Entrepreneurs cross-border exchange programme aspiring entrepreneurs opportunities learn experienced entrepreneurs running small businesses participating countries prior launching business. exchange visiting markets. www.erasmus-entrepreneurs.eu/. Regional Enterprise Borders, online initiative Junior Achievement–Young Enterprise (JA–YE), young entrepreneurs create cross-border partnerships; promote, market export products services JA company; network peers world gain valuable business experience job skills. www.jaewb.org/. Uganda Uganda Gender Growth Coalition, network women’ groups, advocates improvements business regulations, overly complex, discouraging women formalizing businesses. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTAFRREGTOPGENDER/Resources/ gender_econ_growth_ug.pdf. Regional European Network Promote Women’ Entrepreneurship (WES) comprises members eu/enterprise/policies/sme/promoting-entrepreneurship/women/wes-network/index_en.htm. 4.10 PROMOTE ENTREPRENEURSHIP MENTORING, WITH FOCUS ON WOMEN AND YOUTH partners. 56 PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: SELECTION OF BUSINESS CASES FROM THE EMPRETEC NETWORK Table 11 Examples effective mentoring initiatives women youth Country/ economy Measure Brazil Engajamundo youth-led organization fosters interactions Brazilian youth international conferences related environment, social development gender. promotes engagement youth negotiations solutions sustainability. www.engajamundo.org/. Egypt Tahrir Square PlugandPlay business incubators provide mentoring business supports young entrepreneurs. www.tahrir2. http://plugandplayegypt./. United Kingdom Erasmus Young Entrepreneurs cross-border exchange programme aspiring entrepreneurs opportunities learn experienced entrepreneurs running small businesses. exchange visiting entrepreneur acquire skills learn markets. www.erasmus-entrepreneurs.eu/. United Kingdom Cherie Blair Foundation Women’ Mentoring Women Business Programme online mentoring programme aims support women entrepreneurs developing emerging economies. www.cherieblairfoundation.org/mentoring/. United Kingdom HSBC’ Young Enterprise links young entrepreneurs business advisors mentors provide guidance support run business. www.young-enterprise.org.uk/ sponsor/hsbc-/. United States Goldman Sachs’ 10,000 Women global initiative women entrepreneurs world mentoring, networking, business management education access capital. www.goldmansachs./citizenship/10000women/. United States TechWomen, established United States Department State, programme brings Middle East, North Africa -Saharan Africa professional mentorship exchange programme leading technology companies. www.techwomen.org/mentors/ professional-mentor. CONCLUSIONS social, environmental economic impact, making special consideration concerns. 57 REFERENCES Social Enterprise Landscape Report Ghana. Women’ Entrepreneurial Venture Scope Index Report. . Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2012 Women’ Report. 2014 State Industry Report. Mobile Financial Services Unbanked. directions, Journal Business Venturing Business: Women Africa. World Development Report 2012: Gender Equality Development. Women, Business Law 2014: Removing Restrictions Enhance Gender Equality. Working sustainable development: Opportunities decent work social inclusion green economy. Global Employment Trends Youth. generation risk. World Employment Social Outlook - Trends 2015. Noya, . Changing Boundaries Social Enterprises Report Green Growth Strategy. Entrepreneurship Glance. Job creation Social Economy Social Entrepreneurship. Missing Entrepreneurs 2014. Policies Inclusive Entrepreneurship. Policy Social Entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurial Activities Europe. Policy Expanding Networks Inclusive Entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurial Activities Europe. Social Impact Investment, Building evidence base. Journal Business Venturing Breaking Binary: Policy Guide Scaling Social Innovation. MIT Sloan Management Review Developed Countries Report 2006. Developing Productive Capacities. Entrepreneurship Policy Framework Implementation Guidance. Empowering Women Entrepreneurs Information Communications Technologies. Practical Guide. REFERENCES 58 PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: SELECTION OF BUSINESS CASES FROM THE EMPRETEC NETWORK Developed Countries Report 2014. Growth Structural Transformation: post-2015 development agenda. Women, Technology Innovation. Millennium Development Report 2013. Gender Work 2014. Gender Gap Report 2014. Journal business Venturing ).Generation Entrepreneur state global youth entrepreneurship. Understanding entrepreneurial attitudes, aspirations activities young people. Layout Printing United Nations, Geneva – 1801781 () – February 2018 – 635 – UNCTAD/DIAE/ED/2017/6