Technical Fact Sheet - United States of America. Non-tariff measures applicable to biodiversity and BioTrade products: Personal care, food and phytopharma sectors

1 majority product groups studied faced sanitary phytosanitary measures (SPS), accounting 54 cent measures identifi ed, oil seeds, edible vegetables, vegetable fats oils. 40 cent measures technical barriers trade (TBT), affecting product categories oil seeds, gums resins extracts, vegetable alkaloids. burdensome NTMs identifi ed participating exporting importing companies, exporting governments, relate implementation Food Safety Modernization Act, requirement “qualifi ed individual”, existing listings ingredients/substances Codex Alimentarius Personal Care Products Council. native species derived products, challenges included information requirements United States’ Food Drug Administration (FDA) GRAS (Generally Recognized Safe), information needed claims labels. Understanding Convention International Trade Endangered Species Wild Fauna Flora (CITES) import export requirements limitation companies trading species, topics related border domestic requirements standards. address burdensome NTMs, actions include product standardization; human resources development company government level, including customs; contingency planning risk management; revision Harmonized System (HS) codes; product documentation traceability; inclusion native biodiversity ingredients products offi cial listing importing exporting markets. information Sections 6, 7 8. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AT 1. INTRODUCTION Key fi ndings United States America market Contents fact sheet developed support Swiss State Secretariat Economic Affairs SECO BioTrade Facilitation Programme III (BTFP III). 1. Introduction 2. Market information: United States America 3. Mapping NTMs HS codes 4. NTMs analysis: United States America 5. NTMs company survey 6. Challenging NTMs identifi ed workshops 7. Summary potential trade barriers export biodiversity BioTrade products United States America 8. Recommendations addressing NTMs identifi ed 9. Sources market NTMs information 10. Partners Acronyms References Acknowledgements TE CH IC AL AC SH EE JANUARY 2018 2 BioTrade projects NTMs Identify HS codes Mapping NTMs Company survey National workshops NTMs fact sheets Online database: unctad.org/ntm 58 HS codes identified listed BioTrade products Colombia, Peru Viet Nam selected sectors (Section 3) 5 importing countries’ NTMs mapped 58 HS codes, collaboration UNCTAD Trade Analysis Branch (TAB) (Sections 3 4) 231 surveyed companies involved BioTrade biodiversity-based products selected exporting importing markets (Section 5) 3 national workshops (Colombia, Peru Viet Nam) sharing validating NTMs mapping company survey findings recommendations (Section 6) 4 fact sheets, import market, providing findings BioTrade NTMs project NTMs information UNCTAD TAB online databases: http://-tip.unctad.org/ Examples NTMs: Sanitary phytosanitary measures (SPS) • Geographical restrictions eligibility: • Registration requirements importers: • Irradiation: Technical barriers trade (TBT) • Product identity requirements: • Labelling requirements: -tariff measures (NTMs) policy measures, ordinary customs tariffs, potentially economic effect international trade goods – changing quantities traded, prices, . (UNCTAD) Biodiversity variety life Earth, including wide range plants, animals microorganisms, genetic variety species, ecosystems. BioTrade Collection, production, transformation commercialization goods services derived native biodiversity (species ecosystems) environmental, social economic sustainability criteria. Sectors involved BioTrade activities: • Personal care • Pharmaceuticals/ phytopharma • Food • Fashion • Ornamental flora fauna • Handicrafts • Textiles natural fibres • Sustainable tourism • Forestry-based carbon credit activities. BioTrade impact figures €4.3 billion Sales BioTrade beneficiary companies associations (2015). significant increase $40 million 2003. 5 million Number beneficiaries* worldwide *Includes producers, farmers, collectors, hunters Biodiversity BioTrade exporting countries • Colombia • Peru • Viet Nam importing countries/region • China • European Union • Japan • Switzerland • United States America 2. MARKET INFORMATION: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Total merchandise trade (millions $) 2005 2010 2015 2016 Merchandise exports 901,082 1,278,495 1, 502,572 1,454,607 Merchandise imports 1,732,706 1,969,184 2,315,301 2,251,351 Merchandise trade balance -831,624 -690,689 -812,729 -796,744 Export structure product group 2016 ( % total exports) food items Fuels Manufactured goods Country overview 2016 General Information 2016 Population Exchange rate GDP 327.906 million (2016) 1.000 $/$ $18,661,687 Millions current $ Land area1 CPI growth GDP growth 9.832 million km² 1.26% 1.6% Top partners 2016 $0 $50,000 $100,000 $150,000 $200,000 $250,000 $300,000 United Kingdom Japan China Mexico Canada (exports, millions $) 265,928 230,959 115,775 63,262 55,387 Millions $ United States America exports International merchandise trade 11% 7% 74% 8% -3.2% Merchandise exports growth rate 2016 Market information sector Soaps extracts Essential oils oleoresins Vegetable oils (Processed) Fruits, seeds, nuts grains Herbs, spices, medicinal aromatic plants (MAPs) Quality assurance Buyer requirements Legislative requirements Certifi cation Food Food supplements Nutracosmetics Cosmeceuticals HealthCosmetics Natural ingredients imported United States America 2010 2016 2010 2016 Colombia, Peru Viet Nam’ (combined) import share United States America’ natural ingredients sector slightly 1 cent years analysed. , Vietnamese spices herbs accounts 28.8 cent country’ total imports ingredients category. Products Segments $ million 6 5 4 3 2 1 61% 34% 48% 42% 31% 0 Natural colours, fl avours thickeners Natural ingredients cosmetics Natural ingredients health products Spices herbs Vegetable oils fats Colombia, Peru Viet Nam’ (combined) import share United States America’ natural ingredients sector slightly 1 cent years analysed. Market trends United States America Trends sector • Complex ingredient supply chains traceability • Trust intelligence cultures inform modern ingredients • Digital media natural products industry • Agriculture climate change • bottom line – purpose • Brand research steadily growing erosion trust consumers • Natural products mainstream • opportunities higher level ingredients ( compared European market), stimulate product launches marketing concepts General trends Personal care sector Phyto- pharma sector Food sector United States America biggest market functional healthy foods weight loss industry offers huge potential natural ingredients “beauty foods” market emerging Growing awareness social issues environmental responsibility customers Consumers pay cosmetics “green” attributes market natural personal care cosmetics growing faster personal care market “ plants, animals” – plant-derived ingredients gaining popularity animal-derived Baby boomer generation favours dietary supplements presciption drugs Cosmetics, cosmeceuticals dietary supplements anti-ageing purposes popular natural ingredients scientifically proven benefits product categories remain --counter drug products regulated FDA California remains separate market regard trends expectations FDA’ increasing regulation claims restores consumers’ trust dietary supplements 6 3. Mapping NTMs HS codes NTMs classification (TAB, UNCTAD) • Import measures: • Export measures: Import measures Technical measures -technical measures Export measures : Sanitary phytosanitary (SPS) : Technical barriers trade (TBT) : Pre-shipment inspection formalities : Contingent trade-protective measures : -automatic licensing, quotas, prohibitions quantity control measures SPS TBT reasons : Price-control measures, including additional taxes charges : Finance measures : Measures affecting competition : Trade-related investment measures : Distribution restrictions : Restrictions post-sales services : Subsidies : Government procurement restrictions : Intellectual property : Rules origin : Export-related measures (.. export taxes, export quotas export prohibitions) HS codes analysed United States America Preparations cereal, flour, starch milk Preparations vegetables, fruits, nuts parts plants Miscellaneous edible preparations Beverages, spirits vinegar Vegetable alkaloids Oil seeds Gums resins, extracts Vegetable fats oils Tannins, dyes Essential oils 1904 2007 2106 2202 2939 1207 1301 1508 3201 3301 2009 1211 121190 1302 130231 1513 3203 1515 1212, 121220 121292 1404 1516 1521 4. NTMs analysis: United States America Edible vegetables Edible fruits nuts Coffee, tea, maté spices Cocoa Cereals Products milling industry Sugar, syrups candies Beauty, -, . Odoriferous substances mix- tures Medica- ments .. 0709 0801 0902 1801 1001 1106 1702 3304, 330410, 330420, 330430, 330491 330499 3302 3004 3004900710 0802 0903 1803 1005 0712 0804 0909 1804 1008 0713 0810 0910 1805 0714 0811 1806 0813 frequently identified NTMs product groups Number distinct NTMs product selected product groups 4% 0.5%0.5% 40.5% 54.5% United States America market, exporters selected biodiversity BioTrade products commonly encounter technical measures: Related SPS Related TBT Total measures identified United States America: 435 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Product groups Ed ib le ab le Ed ib le fr ui ts ut ffe , te , é sp ic es Ce al Pr od uc ts ill du st ry Oi ee ds Gu si ns , xt ra ct Ve ge ta bl fa ts ils Pr ep ar io ns er ea , flo ur , st ar ch ilk Pr ep ar io ns ab le , fr ui ts , nu ts er ar ts pl ts ce lla ne ou ed ib le pr ep ar io ns ve ra ge , pi rit vi ne ga Ve ge ta bl al ka lo id Ta nn , ye Es se nt ia ils Key Sanitary phytosanitary (SPS) Technical barriers trade (TBT) Pre-shipment inspection formalities -automatic licensing, quotas, prohibitions quantity- control measures SPS TBT reasons Price-control measures, including additional taxes charges majority product groups face SPS. measures highest oil seeds, vegetable fats oils edible vegetables. products affected TBT, product categories oil seeds, gums resins, extracts, vegetable alkaloids. NTMs identified product group Sanitary phytosanitary (SPS) Technical barriers trade (TBT) Pre-shipment inspection formalities -automatic licensing, quotas, prohibitions quantity control measures SPS TBT reasons Price-control measures, including additional taxes charges Highlights • A1: Prohibitions/restrictions imports SPS reasons • A8: Conformity assessments related SPS information NTMs access full regulatory data, visit: TAB, UNCTAD www.unctad.org/ntm Ed ib le ab le Ed ib le fr ui ts ut ffe , te , é sp ic es Ce al Pr od uc ts ill du st ry Oi ee ds Gu si ns , tr ac ts Ve ge ta bl fa ts ils Pr ep ar io ns ce al , fl ou , st ar ch ilk Pr ep ar io ns ve ge ta bl es , ru , ut er ar ts la nt ce lla ne ou ed ib le pr ep ar io ns ve ra ge , pi rit vi ne ga Ve ge ta bl al ka lo id Ta nn , ye Es se nt ia ils A14 A14 A14 A14 A15 A11 A15 A13 A14 A15 A13 A13 A15 A14 A21 A21 A15 A15 A15 A19 A19 A14 A19 A14 A15 A19 A14 A14 A19 A31 A22 A22 A19 A19 A19 A21 A22 A15 A22 A15 A19 A22 A15 A15 A22 A33 A51 A31 A21 A21 A21 A31 A31 A19 A31 A19 A22 A31 A19 A19 A31 A42 A53 A51 A22 A22 A22 A32 A33 A21 A33 A21 A31 A33 A21 A21 A33 A51 A89 A53 A31 A31 A31 A33 A41 A22 A41 A22 A33 A41 A22 A22 A41 A53 B14 A89 A32 A33 A33 A41 A42 A31 A42 A31 A41 A42 A31 A31 A42 A89 B15 B14 A33 A41 A41 A51 A51 A33 A51 A33 A42 A51 A33 A33 A51 B14 B21 B15 A41 A42 A42 A53 A53 A41 A53 A41 A51 A53 A41 A41 A53 B15 B22 B21 A42 A51 A51 A59 A63 A42 A63 A42 A53 A63 A42 A42 A63 B21 B31 B22 A51 A53 A53 A64 A82 A51 A82 A51 A63 A82 A51 A51 A8 B22 B32 B31 A53 A63 A59 A69 A84 A53 A84 A53 A64 A84 A53 A53 A82 B31 B33 B32 A63 A69 A63 A82 A85 A59 A85 A63 A82 A85 A63 A63 A85 B32 B7 B33 A64 A82 A64 A84 B21 A63 A89 A8 A84 B21 A8 A8 A852 B33 B8 B6 A82 A83 A82 A85 B31 A64 B14 A82 A85 B31 A82 A82 A89 B41 B82 B7 A83 A84 A84 A851 B33 A69 B15 A83 B21 B33 A84 A685 B14 B49 B83 B8 A84 A85 A85 A86 B7 A82 B21 A84 B31 B7 A85 A852 B15 B6 B84 B82 A85 B21 A89 B21 B8 A84 B22 A85 B33 B8 B21 A89 B21 B8 B85 B83 A86 B31 B21 B31 B82 A85 B31 A852 B6 B82 B31 B14 B31 B82 B9 B84 A89 B33 B31 B33 A851 B33 A89 B7 F61 B33 B15 B32 B83 F61 B85 B21 B7 B33 B8 A86 B41 B11 B8 B6 B21 B33 B84 F69 B9 B31 B8 B6 B82 A89 B49 B14 B82 B7 B31 B41 B85 F61 B33 B82 B7 B14 B6 B15 F61 B8 B32 B42 B853 F69 B6 F61 B8 B15 B7 B21 B82 B33 B6 B9 B7 B82 B21 B8 B22 F61 B41 B7 F69 B8 F61 B22 B81 B31 B42 B8 B82 B31 B82 B33 B6 B82 B83 B33 B83 B41 B7 B83 B85 B41 B84 B6 B8 B84 F61 B42 B85 B7 B82 B85 B49 B89 B8 B83 E6 B6 C3 B82 B84 F61 B7 F61 C3 B85 B8 F69 F61 E6 B81 F69 F61 B82 B83 B84 B85 B89 F61 F69 9 42% surveyed companies apply BioTrade principles 43% surveyed companies BioTrade 18% United States America companies apply BioTrade Principles Criteria 5. NTMs company survey General overview Participation sector Participation country Food 58% Personal care 17% Phytopharma 4%231= 100% <1% European Union 16% Japan 4% China 20% United States America 7% Colombia 17% Peru 18% Viet Nam 12% Switzerland 6% General information 231 surveyed companies Information United States America companies surveyed Number employees Turnover $ Trade experience chain actor • <20: 31.6% • 20–250: 44.6% • >250: 16.9% • /: 6.9% • < 1 million: 21.2% • 1 5 million: 11.3% • > 5 million: 29.9% • /: 37.7% • Importing: 4.3% • Exporting: 54.1% • Importing exporting: 37.2% • international experience: 4.3% • Producer: 27.4% • Processor: 27.4% • Manufacturer: 33.5% • Service provider: 11.8% Number employees Turnover $ Trade experience chain actor • <20: 7 • 20–250: 6 • >250: 1 • /: 3 • < 1 million: 0 • 1 5 million: 2 • > 5 million: 4 • /: 11 • Importing: 1 • Exporting: 3 • Importing exporting: 13 • international experience: 0 • Producer: 6 • Processor: 7 • Manufacturer: 11 • Service provider: 2 23% annual turnover $5 million 10% 4% 5% 1% Trade experience share biodiversity-based exports 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Vi Pe ru lo bi ite St es er ic Ch Ja pa Eu ro pe ni Sw itz er la 18% 4% 5% 6% 76% 22% 17% 10% 23% 22% 21% 8% 8% 15% 69% 13% 66% 60% 40% 78% 18% 23% 49%56% 73% Trade experience surveyed participants country (percentage) Percentage exports total sales Number share companies biodiversity-based exports Exporting Importing exporting Importing international trade experience 0 20 40 60 80 100 Nu om pa ni es 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Nu om pa ni es 20% 23% 0 – 30% 0 – 50% 30 – 60% 60 – 90% 50 – 100% 90 – 100% / / 12% 16% 35% 18% 34% 42% Share exports total sales Number companies % Percentage companies category Number companies % Percentage companies category NTMs markets analysed (China, European Union, Japan Switzerland) compared United States America market markets SPS measures () commonly identified surveyed participants. Category A1, deals prohibitions restrictions imports SPS subcategories, represents 16 cent identified NTMs. Peruvian companies identified NTMs Colombia Viet Nam. United States America market 50 cent NTMs identified finance measures (), 37 cent TBT (), 30.8 cent price-control measures, including additional taxes charges (), 25 cent contingent trade protective measures () market. United States America companies analysed biodiversity-based products share 0% 50% 94% United States America companies exporters, 76% importers. 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% Pe rc en ta ge om pa ni es pe 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Pe rc en ta ge om pa ni es er ca te ry 11 NTMs identified company surveys United States America market Challenging United States America NTMs identified selected HS codes 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 Number NTMs identified product group Colombia Peru Viet Nam % Percentage NTMs relating United States America market Total SPS () Total TBT () Total Total Total Nu TM en tio ne om pa ni es 0 10 20 30 40 NTM classification 15.6% 37.1% 12.5% 25% 0% 30.8% 50% 0% 18.8% Beverages, spirits vinegar Miscellaneous edible preparations Preparations vegetables, fruit, nuts parts plants Oil seeds Edible vegetables Tannins, dyes Vegetable fats oils Gums resins, extracts Coffee, tea, maté spices Edible fruits nuts Total NTMs identified: 168 SPS (): 93 TBT (): 69 Pre-shipment inspection formalities (): 1 Price-control measures, including additional taxes charges (): 3 Finance measures (): 2 12 SPS measures identified product group exporting country (percentage) TBT measures identified product group country (percentage) Viet Nam (%) Peru United States America (%) Colombia (%) Viet Nam (%) Peru United States America (%) Colombia (%) 0 20% 40% 60% 0 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% List HS codes identified survey • Edible fruits nuts: 0810 • Coffee, tea, maté spices: 0902; 0903; 0909 • Gums resins, extracts: 1302; 1307 • Vegetable fats oils: 1513; 1515 • Tannins, dyes: 3201; 3203 • Edible vegetables: 0712 • Oil seeds: 1207; 1211 • Preparations vegetables, fruit, nuts parts plants: 2007 • Miscellaneous edible preparations: 2106 • Beverages, spirits vinegar: 2202 NTMs frequently identified surveyed participants SPS A13: Systems approach A21: Tolerance limits residues contamination (- microbiological) substances A31: Labelling requirements TBT B21: Tolerance limits residues contamination substances B33: Packaging requirements B8: Conformity assessment related TBT Beverages, spirits vinegar Miscellaneous edible preparations Preparations vegetables, fruit, nuts parts plants Oil seeds Edible vegetables Tannins, dyes Vegetable fats oils Gums resins, extracts Coffee, tea, maté spices Edible fruits nuts Beverages, spirits vinegar Miscellaneous edible preparations Preparations vegetables, fruit, nuts parts plants Oil seeds Edible vegetables Tannins, dyes Vegetable fats oils Gums resins, extracts Coffee, tea, maté spices Edible fruits nuts 6. Challenging NTMs identified workshops 151 participants 30% Colombia 38% Peru 31% Viet Nam 44% women Specific barriers identified workshop participants Colombia, Peru Viet Nam Personal care sector Personal care sector HS codes: 1302 (Vegetable saps extracts; pectic substances, pectinates pectates; agar-agar mucilages thickeners, modified, derived vegetable products) 1515 (Fixed vegetable fats oils [including jojoba oil] fractions, refined; chemically modified) 3201 (Tanning extracts vegetable origin; tannins salts, ethers, esters derivatives) 3301 (Oils; essential [concretes, absolutes]; concentrates thereof fats, fixed oils, waxes [obtained enfleurage maceration]; aqueous distillates, solutions terpenic -products thereof; resinoids; extracted oleoresins) 3304 (Cosmetic toilet preparations; beauty, - skin care preparations [excluding medicaments, including sunscreen sun tan preparations], manicure pedicure preparations) Legislation, NTMs barrier identified HS codes affected Participating countries Personal Care Products Council ( substances included labelling list), registering ingredients 3301 1515 1302 Colombia Product certificate analysis ( certificate analysis) Personal care products general Viet Nam Good manufacturing practices (GMP) good laboratory practices (GLP) 3304 Colombia Limited knowledge understanding CITES Colombia Aquilaria crassna (agarwood) Viet Nam Sanitary registration importing country; understood “sales permit”, sanitary notifications Colombia Product traceability certification 3201 Colombia Sustainable sourcing – systems approach (.. FairWild, UEBT, HACCP, GACP, GMP, Fair trade, access benefit-sharing) Viet Nam Food sector Food sector HS codes: 0802 (Nuts [excluding coconuts, Brazil cashew nuts]; fresh dried, shelled peeled) 0810 (Fruit, fresh; ... chapter 08) 0903 (Maté) 0909 (Seeds anise, badian, fennel, coriander, cumin, caraway juniper) 0910 (Ginger, saffron, turmeric, thyme, bay leaves, curry spices) 2101 (Extracts, essences, concentrates coffee, tea maté; preparations basis products basis coffee, tea maté; roasted chicory roasted coffee substitutes extracts, essences concentrates thereof) 3201 (Tanning extracts vegetable origin; tannins salts, ethers, esters derivatives) 3203 (Colouring matter vegetable animal origin, including dyeing extracts, animal black, chemically defined; preparations based colouring matter vegetable animal origin) Phytopharma sector Legislation, NTMs barrier identified HS codes affected Participating countries Codex Alimentarius, registration ingredients 0903 0909 0910 0810 Colombia Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) 0903 0909 0910 0810 FDA 3201 3203 Maximum residue limits (MRL) 0802 2101 Certifications international standards. , laboratories GLP 0802 2101 Certifications standards Peru Maximum residue limit (MRL) Paprika BioTrade products phytosanitary protocols required (North American Free Trade Agreement [NAFTA]) Aguaymanto (Physalis peruviana) Implementation Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA), relation “qualified individual” food processing companies Quarantine costs (increased) foods Generally Recognized Safe (GRAS) Legislation, NTMs barrier identified HS codes affected Participating countries FDA, limited scientific information native species derived products 21069071 Peru Categories products labels harmonized ( country origin United States America) 210690 Peru Product certificate analysis ( certificate analysis) Viet Nam Limited knowledge understanding CITES Colombia Aquilaria crassna (agarwood) Viet Nam Sanitary registration importing country; understood “sales permit” Colombia Sustainable sourcing – systems approach (.. FairWild, UEBT, HACCP, GACP, GMP, Fair trade, access benefit-sharing) Viet Nam Phytopharma sector HS codes: 21069071 (sacha inchi [Plukenetia volubilis .] capsules) 210690 (Food preparations [dietary supplements]) Export-related measures country Participating countries Product analysis required country level Colombia Clarity standardization natural ingredients line international standards Customs procedures inspections (drug-related inspections) Limited knowledge customs authorities biodiversity product exported (.. containers polluted frozen chain broken, HS codes included) P3 Export price-control measures P6 Export technical measures Ensure quality raw material production Viet Nam Certificate origin issued government institutes forms required buyer P5 Export taxes charges Colombia, Viet Nam Limited clarification HS codes Colombia, Peru Viet Nam Certifications permits products (.. phytosanitary delivered Servicio Forestal de Fauna Silvestre [SERFOR]) Peru Lack phytosanitary requirements products Identification species scientific technical information needed trade biodiversity-based products, essential oils, vegetable oils, extracts, . (toxicology, nutritional values, .). Identified species : aguaymanto (Physalis peruviana), sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis .), cañihua (Chenopodium pallidicaule) algarrobo mezquite (Prosopis pallida) Harmonization national international requirements, regulations norms related biodiversity-based products (.. aguaymanto [Physalis peruviana]) issues (.. accredited laboratories accepted importers) Limited knowledge/capacity customs authorities carry inspections Enhance statistics BioTrade products measures identified workshop participants Legislation, NTMs barrier identified HS codes products affected Participating countries Certification products (A83 B83) 3201 Colombia A85 Traceability requirements 3201 Colombia Viet Nam Certification origin () Colombia Sanitary permits country origin Colombia P62 Certification required exporting country Peru Limited understanding scope implement Nagoya Protocol, differences countries regions specific Peru* -sector specific information -sector specific information HS codes: 3201 (Tanning extracts vegetable origin; tannins salts, ethers, esters derivatives) 16 7. Summary potential trade barriers export biodiversity BioTrade products United States America Limitations trade – general specific United States America Standards General Sanitary phytosanitary conditions Understanding import export requirements: CITES Process standards Claims labels Product standards Specific Corporate social responsibility Implementation Food Safety Modernization Act, requirement “qualified individual” Packaging labelling Listing ingredients/substances (.. Codex Alimentarius Personal Care Products Council) Information requirements FDA GRAS, native species derived products Summary potential trade barriers export biodiversity BioTrade products Switzerland • Limitations trade – general specific United States America • Standards • Requirements – border () internal/domestic () Legislation, NTMs barrier identified HS codes products affected Participating countries A5 Treatment elimination plant animal pests disease-causing organisms final product (.. post- harvest treatment) A13 Systems approach A14 Special authorization requirement SPS reasons A15 Registration requirements importers A21 Tolerance limits residues contamination (-microbiological) substances A22 Restricted substances foods feeds contact materials A31 Labelling requirements A32 Marking requirements A33 Packaging requirements ( related food safety) A41 Microbiological criteria final product A42 Hygienic practices production A63 Food feed processing A82 Testing requirement A83 Certification requirement A84 Inspection requirement A86 Quarantine requirement B33 Packaging requirements C3 Requirement pass port customs Viet Nam Identification potential suppliers materials, outer carton, hygienic requirements, certified package , residuals materials package Viet Nam Market information Viet Nam -sector specific information HS codes: 3201 (Tanning extracts vegetable origin; tannins salts, ethers, esters derivatives) -sector specific information (continued) Requirements – border () internal/domestic () Safety security () Consumer protection () Environmental health () Inadequate infrastructure (/) Rules origin () Intellectual property (/) Lengthy customs procedures () Corruption (/) HS codes classification – avoid inconsistencies, overlap registration biodiversity products exported () Knowledge understanding trade policies affecting products sectors exported (/) Product classification, product identity classification essential export () Recommendations addressing NTMs identified: • Standardization • Human resource development • Contingency plan risk management • Revision HS codes • Product documentation traceability certification • Training customs • Transport costs • infrastructure • Inclusion native biodiversity-based ingredients products official listings national international levels • Listing legal obligations HS code sector 8. Recommendations addressing NTMs identified Standardization Standardization processes documentation entire chain (production processes, harvesting, processing, sampling, documentation, .); standard operating procedures (SOPs), GMP, GACP (WHO), . standardization aligned international market requirements, including export market. Human resource development Raise awareness capacity-building -line leadership, regular training staff procedures, trade development, language, . Importantly, training refer NTMs identified sector, depending material traded, obligations vary. Training address gaps identified practitioners importers fulfil terms obligations. , pragmatic support , , listing obligations HS code (.. traded material), sectorial , information train categories stakeholders ( complement point, listing legal obligations point ). Additionally, enhance capacity public private stakeholders implement understand biodiversity-related agreements protocols, CITES Nagoya Protocol, implications biodiversity-based businesses. Contingency plan risk management Develop risk management tool, provide clear action plan indicating case outcome expected. , product qualities samples lots; company storage problems; disruptions production chain. Revision HS codes Consistency HS codes identify biodiversity BioTrade-related products; revision botanical identification. Product documentation traceability certification Carry extensive, -depth coherent compilation documents, studies information needed obtain maintain products’ traceability certification. Training customs Raise awareness, capacity-building regular updates policies customs authorities, differences countries products relation , , rules validity exit product country origin entry destination country. Transport costs Realistic cost calculation knowledge inter-/national packaging transportation requirements, documentation respective costs. infrastructure Improve infrastructure context – company, internal, national international. , establishing quality laboratories recognized international markets. 9. Sources market NTMs information • UNCTAD BioTrade Initiative: www.biotrade.org • UNCTAD Integrated Trade Intelligence Portal (-TIP): http://-tip.unctad.org • UNCTAD Integrated Trade Intelligence Portal (ASEAN): http://asean.-tip.org • World Integrated Trade Solutions (WITS): http://wits.worldbank.org • Organisation Economic -operation Development (OECD): www.oecd.org • European Commission (Trade): http://ec.europa.eu/trade • Centre Promotion Imports developing countries (CBI): www.cbi.eu • Swiss Import Promotion Programme (SIPPO): www.sippo.ch • Asociació Latinoamericana de Integració (ALADI): www.aladi.org • Comunidad Andina: www.comunidadandina.org • Sistema Integrado de Informació de Comercio Exterior (Peru): www.siicex.gob.pe • Ministry Health (Peru): www.digesa.minsa.gob.pe • Drug Administration Viet Nam: www.dav.gov.vn 10. Partners Colombia Peru Viet Nam Ministry Environment Sustainable Development (MADS) Ministry Foreign Trade Tourism (MINCETUR) BioTrade Implementation Group (BIG Viet Nam) Ministry Commerce, Industry Tourism (MinCIT) National Commission Promotion BioTrade Vietnam Trade Promotion Agency (VIETRADE) ProColombia Peru Export Tourism Promotion Agency (PROMPERU) Vietnam Society Medicinal Materials (VIMAMES) ámara de la Industria Cosmética de Aseo/Asociació Nacional de Empresarios de Colombia (ANDI) Ministry Environment (MINAM) HELVETAS Swiss Intercooperation - Viet Nam ámara de Comercio de Bogotá Country partners Global UNCTAD BioTrade Initiative Trade Analysis Branch (TAB) Klaus Duerbeck Consulting (KDC) Asociació Latinoamericana de Integració (ALADI) Union Ethical BioTrade (UEBT) Global partners Inclusion native biodiversity-based ingredients products official listings national international levels Adding standardization product documentation, exporting countries companies support include native biodiversity-based ingredients importing markets listings PCPC, Codex Alimentarus country-specific (.. Inventory Existing Chemical Substances Produced Imported China [IECSC]). applies domestic markets, .. Colombian approval process technical requirements include ingredients derived native biodiversity official listings cosmetic products challenging. Listing legal obligations HS code sector Mapping NTMs selected HS codes sector important, companies government representatives access list legal obligations. TAB (UNCTAD) HS codes, accessible : www.unctad.org/ ntm. , training online database envisaged BioTrade biodiversity-related companies, governments relevant stakeholders. Recommendations addressing NTMs identified (continued) 19 References Acronyms AFIS CBI CITES FAVIR FDA FSMA GLP GMP GRAS HS IECSC ITC KDC MAPs MRL NAFTA NTMs SERFOR SOPs SPS TAB TBT UEBT UNCTAD TA / IT / ED /2 01 8/ 10 Acknowledgements BioTrade Initiative, UNCTAD biotrade@.org www.unctad.org/biotrade www.biotrade.org Contact fact sheet edited externally. TE CH IC AL AC SH EE